Pipeflow Analysis (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Pipeflow Analysis 4
Copyright Page 5
Contents 8
Preface 6
CHAPTER 1. HYDRAULICS AND HEAD LOSS EQUATIONS 12
Basic Equations 12
Flow-Head Loss Relationships 14
Minor Losses 27
Use of Head Loss Charts for Solution of Simple Pipe Systems 29
References 31
CHAPTER 2. ALTERNATIVE METHODS OF PIPE NETWORK FLOW ANALYSIS 32
Types of Pipeflow Problems 32
Methods of Solution 32
Simple Pipe Problems 34
Inter-Connected Reservoirs 35
Pseudo Steady Flow 36
Compound Pipes 37
Node Head Correction Method 39
Computer Program Based on Node Head Correction Method 41
Newton-Raphson Method 42
References 44
CHAPTER 3. LOOP FLOW CORRECTION METHOD OF NETWORK ANALYSIS 46
Introduction 46
Method of Flow Correction 46
Loop Selection 48
Multiple Reservoirs 49
Branch Pipes 49
Pumps and Pressure Reducing Valves 50
Practical Design for Loop Flow Correction Method 51
Computer Program 52
References 55
CHAPTER 4. LINEAR METHOD 56
Introduction 56
Linear Method Applied to Loop Flows 58
Linear Method for Node Heads 59
Computer Program for Linear Method 60
References 65
CHAPTER 5. OPTIMUM DESIGN OF BRANCHED PIPE NETWORKS BY LINEAR PROGRAMMING 66
Introduction 66
Simplex Method for Trunk Main Diameters 66
Network Design 71
Looped Networks – LP Optimization 74
Linear Programming Program 74
References 80
CHAPTER 6. DYNAMIC AND NON-LINEAR PROGRAMMING FOR LOOPED NETWORKS 81
Dynamic Programming for Optimizing Compound Pipes 82
Transportation Programming for Least-Cost Allocation of Resources 85
Steepest Path Ascent Technique for Extending Networks 88
Design of Looped Networks 92
References 97
CHAPTER 7. CONTINUOUS SIMULATION 98
Systems Analysis Techniques and the Use of Simulation Models 99
Mathematical Modelling of Water Quality 101
Numerical Methods for the Solution of Single Differential Equations 107
Real-Time Operation of Water Supply Systems 113
Computer Program to Simulate Reservoir Level Variations in a Pipe Network 113
References 115
CHAPTER 8. UNSTEADY FLOW ANALYSIS BY RIGID COLUMN METHOD 117
Rigid Water Column Surge Theory 117
Derivation of Basic Equation 119
Solution of Equation of Motion 119
Surge Tanks 123
References 125
CHAPTER 9. WATER HAMMER THEORY 126
Basic Water Hammer Equations 126
Effect of Air 129
Methods of Analysis 131
Valves 133
Accuracy and Stability of Finite Difference Schemes 135
Basic Computer Program for Analysing Gravity Lines 142
References 146
CHAPTER 10. BOUNDARY CONDITIONS IN WATER HAMMER 147
Description 147
Water Hammer Protection of Pumping Lines 149
Non-Return Valves 152
Air Vessels 154
References 156
CHAPTER 11. WATER COLUMN SEPARATION 157
Introduction 157
Computational Technique for Column Separation 158
Simplified Rigid Column Analysis 159
Program for Simulation of Water Hammer in Pumplines following Pumptrip 164
References 170
CHAPTER 12. WATER HAMMER AND FLOW ANALYSIS IN COMPLEX PIPE SYSTEMS 171
The Problem of Flow Analysis in Complex Pipe Networks 171
Conventional Methods of Network Analysis 173
Method of Solution of the Equations 175
Boundary Conditions 178
Valve Stroking 179
References 183
CHAPTER 13. GRAPHICAL WATER HAMMER ANALYSIS 186
Reasons for Graphical Approach 186
Basics of Method 186
Mid-Points and Change in Diameter 189
Pumping Lines 190
References 193
CHAPTER 14. PIPE GRAPHICS 194
Introduction 194
Interactive Drawing 196
Computer Program for Pipe Graphics 197
References 203
CHAPTER 15. COMPUTER PROGRAMMING IN BASIC 205
Description 205
Arithmetic 206
Logical Operators 206
Variables 207
Precision 207
Functions 207
Special Characters 208
Basic Programming Statements 208
Graphics Statements 211
Index 213