immunohistochemistry (the use of specific antibodies to stain particular molecular species in situ). Immunohistochemistry has allowed the identification of many more cell types than could be visualized by classical histology, particularly in the immune system and among the scattered hormone-secreting cells of the endocrine system.
This book discusses all aspects of immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization technologies and the important role they play in reaching a cancer diagnosis. It provides step-by-step instructions on the methods of additional molecular technologies such as DNA microarrays, and microdissection, along with the benefits and limitations of each method.
* The only book available that translates molecular genetics into cancer diagnosis
* Methods were developed by internationally-recognized experts and presented in step-by-step manner
* Results of each Immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization are presented in the form of color illustrations
Classical histology has been augmented by immunohistochemistry (the use of specific antibodies to stain particular molecular species in situ). Immunohistochemistry has allowed the identification of many more cell types than could be visualized by classical histology, particularly in the immune system and among the scattered hormone-secreting cells of the endocrine system. This book discusses all aspects of immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization technologies and the important role they play in reaching a cancer diagnosis. It provides step-by-step instructions on the methods of additional molecular technologies such as DNA microarrays, and microdissection, along with the benefits and limitations of each method.* The only book available that translates molecular genetics into cancer diagnosis * Methods were developed by internationally-recognized experts and presented in step-by-step manner * Results of each Immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization are presented in the form of color illustrations
front cover 1
Title page 4
copyright 5
table of contents 8
front matter 22
Authors and Coauthors of Volume 4 22
Foreword 30
Preface 32
Selected Definitions 36
Classification Scheme of Human Cancers 44
body 46
I Molecular Genetics 46
1 Identification of Tumor-Specific Genes 48
Tumor-Specific and Tumor-Associated Genes 48
Identification of Tumor-Associated Antigens 49
Identification of Tumor-Specific Genes via Differential Ribonucleic Acid Expression 53
Identification of Tumor-Specific Genes by Proteomic Approaches 57
Role of Bioinformatics in Identification of Tumor-Specific Genes 62
The Molecular Signature of a Tumor 63
2 The Post-Translational Phase of Gene Expression in Tumor Diagnosis 68
Introduction 68
General Aspects of Proprotein Processing 69
Examples of Proprotein Processing 71
Processing-Independent Analysis 72
Problems and Pitfalls of Processing-Independent Analysis Measurements 73
Processing-Independent Analysis in Tumor Diagnosis 74
Perspective 75
Summary 75
3 Role of Tumor Suppressor BARD1 in Apoptosis and Cancer 78
Epidemiology and Prognostic Factors of Cancer 78
Breast Cancer and the Genes 79
BARD1 Discovery and Structure Overview 80
BARD1 Expression Pattern and Subcellular Localization 81
Biological Functions of BARD1 81
BRCA1-Independent Function of BARD1 in Apoptosis 82
Expression of BARD1 in Cancer 83
4 Angiogenesis, Metastasis, and Epigenetics in Cancer 90
Introduction 90
Epigenetic Influence on Gene Expression 90
Tumor Angiogenesis 91
Tissue Invasion and the Metastatic Process 95
Epigenetic Influence on Angiogenesis and Metastasis 97
Therapeutic Implications 98
Beyond the Epigenome 99
5 Can Effector Cells Really "Effect" an Anti-Tumor Response as Cancer Therapy? 104
How Do We See the Immune System? Diversity: Is It a True Reflection of Function? 104
Induction of Immunity 105
Passive Immunity 105
Chemokines as Regulators of T Cell Differentiation 105
Effector Populations and Breaking Immunologic Tolerance 106
Tumor Cell Escape from Effector Cells 106
Dendritic Cells as a Unique Immune Interloper 107
Vaccines for Cancer 108
Enhancing Cellular Immune Responses-The Prime-Boost Strategy 109
6 Circulating Cancer Cells 112
Introduction 112
Target Organ and Sample Collection 112
Investigation of Various Cancers 115
Future Prospects 118
7 Circulating Cancer Cells: Flow Cytometry, Video Microscopy, and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy 122
Introduction 122
II Gastrointestinal Carcinoma 134
1 Gastrointestinal Carcinoma: An Introduction 136
Early Gastric Cancer 137
Granulomatous Gastritis 139
Genetics of Gastric Cancer 139
Role of Microsatellite Instability and Loss of Heterozygosity 140
Biomarkers for Gastric Carcinoma 141
2 Role of Immunohistochemical Expression of p53 in Gastric Carcinoma 148
Introduction 148
3 Role of Immunohistochemical Expression of p53 and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Gastric Carcinoma 154
Introduction 154
Protocol 155
4 Role of Immunohistochemical Expression of p150 in Gastric Carcinoma: The Association with p53, Apoptosis, and Cell Proliferation 162
Introduction 162
5 Role of Immunohistochemical Expression of Ki-67 in Adenocarcinoma of Large Intestine 172
Introduction 172
6 Role of Immunohistochemical Expression of KIT/CD117 in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors 180
Introduction 180
Summary 185
7 Role of Immunohistochemical Expression of BUB1 Protein in Gastric Cancer 188
Introduction 188
8 Role of Immunohistochemical Expression of Epidermal Growth Factor in Gastric Tumors 196
Introduction 196
9 Role of Immunohistochemical Expression of Beta-Catenin and Mucin in Stomach Cancer 202
Introduction 202
10 Loss of Cyclin D2 Expression in Gastric Cancer 206
Introduction 206
Overexpression of Cyclin D2 and Cancer 207
Low or Absent Cyclin D2 Expression in Gastric Cancer in Gastric Cancer 207
Possible Mechanisms of Cyclin D2 Gene Silencing 207
11 Role of Immunohistochemical Expression of E-Cadherin in Diffuse-Type Gastric Cancer 214
Introduction 214
12 Role of Immunohistochemical Expression of Adenomatous Polyposis Coli and E-Cadherin in Gastric Carcinoma 222
Introduction 222
13 Immunohistochemical Expression of Chromogranin A and Leu-7 in Gastrointestinal Carcinoids 228
Introduction 228
14 Role of Immunohistochemical Expression of MUC5B in Gastric Carcinoma 236
Introduction 236
Immunohistochemical Evaluation of MUC5B 237
Expression in Gastric Carcinoma 237
Association between MUC5B Expression and Clinicopathologic Parameters of Gastric Carcinoma 237
Association between MUC5B Expression and That of Mucins MUC1, MUC2, MUC5AC, and MUC6 238
15 Angiogenin in Gastric Cancer and Its Roles in Malignancy 240
Introduction 240
Future Perspectives 246
Conclusions 246
16 Role of in Helocobacter pylori Gastric Cancer 250
Introduction 250
Mechanisms Responsible for Helocobacter pylori Related Gastric Cancer 252
Multistep Process of Intestinal-Type Gastric Cancer "Correa's Model" 255
Concluding Remarks 261
17 Protein Alterations in Gastric Adenocarcinoma 266
Introduction 266
Concluding Remarks 277
18 Vesicle Proteins in Neuroendocrine and Nonendocrine Tumors of the Gastrointestinal Tract 280
Introduction 280
19 Role of Immunohistochemical Expression of Caspase-3 in Gastric Carcinoma 292
Introduction 292
20 Role of Immunohistochemical Expression of PRL-3 Phosphatase in Gastric Carcinoma 296
Introduction 296
21 Role of Immunohistochemical Expression of DNA Methyltransferase 1 Protein in Gastric Carcinoma 302
Introduction 302
22 Role of Immunohistochemical Expression of Cytoplasmic Trefoil Factor Family-2 in Gastric Cancer 308
Introduction 308
23 Role of Immunohistochemical Expression of Cytokeratins in Small Intestinal Adenocarcinoma 316
Introduction 316
24 Quantitative Immunohistochemistry by Determining the Norm of the Image Data File 324
Introduction 324
III Ovarian Carcinoma 330
1 Ovarian Carcinoma: An Introduction 332
Ovarian Carcinoma Classification 333
Ovarian Cancer Genetics 333
Role of Loss of Heterozygosity 334
Ovarian Metastasis 335
Biomarkers for Ovarian Carcinoma 335
Selected Biomarkers 336
Chemotherapy 344
2 Methods for Detecting Genetic Abnormalities in Ovarian Carcinoma Using Fluorescence in situ Hybridization and Immunohistochemistry 352
Introduction 352
Ovarian Carcinoma Specimen Preparation 353
Ovarian Carcinoma Chromosome and Gene Analysis with Fluorescence in situ Hybridization 358
Principles and Methods of Fluorescence in situ Hybridization 358
Fluorescence in situ Hybridization Assay Procedure 361
Ovarian Carcinoma Immunohistochemistry 370
3 Role of Immunohistochemical Expression of HER2/neu in High-Grade Ovarian Serous Papillary Cancer 378
Introduction 378
4 Role of Immunohistochemical Expression of BRCA1 in Ovarian Carcinoma 384
Introduction 384
BRCA1 Antibodies for Immunohistochemical Analysis 384
Subcellular Localization of BRCA1 Assessed by Immunohistochemistry 386
Immunohistochemical Expression of BRCA1 as a Prognostic Factor in Sporadic Ovarian Carcinoma 386
Prediction for BRCA1 Mutation in Ovarian Carcinoma by Immunohistochemistry 387
5 Role of BRCA1/BRCA2 in Ovarian, Fallopian Tube, and Peritoneal Papillary Serous Carcinoma 392
Introduction 392
6 K-Ras Mutations in Serous Borderline Tumors of the Ovary 402
Introduction 402
7 Role of Immunohistochemical Expression of Ki-67 in Ovarian Carcinoma 408
Introduction 408
8 Role of Expression of Estrogen Receptor ß, Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen, and p53 in Ovarian Granulosa Cell Tumors 416
Introduction 416
9 Role of Immunohistochemical Expression of Cyclooxygenase-2 in Ovarian Serous Carcinoma 426
Introduction 426
Evaluating/Scoring the Immunohistochemical for Cyclooxygenase-2 and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor 428
Discussion 428
10 Role of Immunohistochemical Expression of Cyclooxygenase and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor in Epithelial Ovarian Tumors 432
Introduction 432
Study Population 434
11 CDX2 Immunostaining in Primary and Secondary Ovarian Carcinomas 438
Introduction 438
12 Epithelial Ovarian Cancer and the E-Cadherin-Catenin Complex 444
Introduction 444
13 Role of Cytokeratin Immunohistochemistry in the Differential Diagnosis of Ovarian Tumors 450
Introduction 450
Interpretive Guidelines 454
14 Role of Immunohistochemical Expression of Cytokeratins and Mucins in Ampullary Carcinomas 462
Introduction 462
15 Role of Integrins in Ovarian Cancer 470
Introduction Pathology and Staging 470
Histologic Grading 471
Integrins in Ovarian Cancer 471
Immunohistochemical Localization of Integrins in Ovarian Cancer Tissues 472
Choice of Antibody 473
Antigen-Retrieval Protocols 475
Quality Control 477
Detection of Integrins in Ovarian Cancer Cells by Immunoprecipitation Techniques 477
Choice of Antibody 477
Detection of Integrins in Ovarian Cancer Cells by Immunoblotting Techniques 480
16 Role of Immunohistochemical Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2 in Ovarian Cancer 486
Introduction 486
17 Use of Microarray in Immunohistochemical Localization of SMAD in Ovarian Carcinoma 494
Introduction 494
18 Role of Immunohistochemical Expression of Fas in Ovarian Carcinoma 502
Introduction 502
Antibodies 503
Immunohistochemistry 504
19 Role of Immunohistochemical Expression of Lewis Y Antigen in Ovarian Carcinoma 510
Introduction 510
20 Role of Immunohistochemical Expression of ETS-1 Factor in Ovarian Carcinoma 518
Introduction 518
21 Role of MCL-1 in Ovarian Carcinoma 524
Introduction 524
22 Role of Elf-1 in Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma: Immunohistochemistry 532
Introduction 532
23 Role of Immunohistochemical Expression of OCT4 in Ovarian Dysgerminoma 538
Introduction 538
24 Immunohistochemical Validation of B7-H4 (DD-O110) as a Biomarker of Ovarian Cancer: Correlation with CA-125 544
Introduction 544
25 Role of Immunohistochemical Expression of Alpha Glutathione S-Transferase in Ovarian Carcinoma 550
Introduction 550
26 Role of Immunohistochemical Expression of Aminopeptidases in Ovarian Carcinoma 554
Introduction 554
27 Expression of Angiopoietin-1, Angiopoietin-2, and Tie2 in Normal Ovary with Corpus Luteum and in Ovarian Carcinoma 564
Introduction 564
Sample Collection 565
Tissue Specimen and Ribonucleic Acid Preparation 565
Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction 565
Probe Synthesis 565
In situ Hybridization 566
Immunohistochemical Staining 566
Statistical Analysis 566
Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction and Ang1, Ang2, and Tie2 Gene Expression 566
28 The Role of Immunohistochemical Expression of 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin-D3-Receptors in Ovarian Carcinoma 568
Introduction 568
29 Role of Immunohistochemical Expression of Antigens in Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Ovary and Its Differential Diagnostic Considerations 576
Introduction 576
Role of Immunohistochemistry 577
Adjunct Studies 579
30 Role of Immunohistochemistry in Elucidating Lung Cancer Metastatic to the Ovary from Primary Ovarian Carcinoma 582
Introduction 582
Immunohistochemistry Basics 582
Conclusion 588
Index 592
Authors and Coauthors of Volume 4
Nuzhat Ahmed, Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre, Royal Women’s Hospital, Translational Proteomics, Baker Medical Research Institute and The Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, 132 Grattan Street, Carlton VIC 3053, Melbourne, Australia
Syed Mahfuzul Alam, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gifu University, School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu City 501-1194, Japan
Rouba Ali-Fehmi, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, 3990 John R., Detroit, MI 48201
Yoichi Aoki, Niigata University, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1-757 Asahimachi dori, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
Eri Arai, Pathology Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
Hideo Baba, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1, Honsho, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
Karl-Friedrich Becker, Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Institut für Allgemeine Pathologie und Pathologische Anatomie, Trogerstr. 18, 81675 München, Germany
Richard V. Benya, University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Medicine, GI Cancers Program, Chicago, IL 60612
Max M. Burger, Friedrich Miescher Institute, Novartis Science Board, Maulbeerstrasse 66, CH-4058, Chm Novartis Science Board, Novartis International A6, WKL 125.13.02, Klybeckstrasse 141, CH-4057, Basel, Switzerland
Ralf Bützow, Haartman Institute, Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 21, FIN-00014, Finland
Helen P. Cathro, Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Health Sciences Center, P.O. Box 800214, Charlottesville, VA 22908
Gaoping Chen, Royal Victoria Hospital, RM H4-72, McGill University Health Center, 687 Pine W., Montreal, QC, Canada, H3A 1A1
Zong-Ming E. Chen, Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Box 8118, St. Louis, MO 63110
Liang Cheng, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital 3465, Indiana University Medical Center, 550 North University Boulevard, Indianapolis, IN 46202
David C. Chhieng, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, KB 605, 619 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35249-6823
Brenda L. Coomber, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, NIG 2WI
Randal Cox, University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Bio-Informatics Group, Chicago, IL 60612
Leonor David, Medical Faculty of the University of Porto, IPATIMUP, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
Gaetano De Rosa, Department of Biomorphological and Functional Sciences, Pathology Section, University Federico II Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
Dipok Kumar Dhar, Department of Digestive and General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
Joachim Diebold, Pathological Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Thalkirchner Strasse, 80337 Munich, Germany
K. Diedrich, Klinik fur Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe des Universitatsklinikums Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lubeck Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lubeck, Germany
Thomas Dittmar, University of Witten/Herdecke, Institute of Immunology, Stockumer Strasse 10, Witten 58448, Germany
Piotr Dziegiel, Department of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Chalubinskiego 6a, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
Luis Alberto Espinoza, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Basic Science Bldg., R348, 3900 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC 20057
Tsuyoshi Etoh, Department of Surgery I, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Hasama-machi, Yufu-city, Oita 879-5593, Japan
Cristina Faleiro-Rodrigues, Anatomy and Pathology Department, Portuguese Institute of Oncology Francisco Gentil Centro Regional do Norte, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
R. Felberbaum, Klinik fur Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe des Universitatsklinikums Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lubeck Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lubeck, Germany
Falko Fend, Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Institut für Allgemeine Pathologie und Pathologische Anatomie, Trogerstr. 18, 81675 München, Germany
N. Fersis, Klinik fur Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe des Universitatsklinikums Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lubeck Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lubeck, Germany
Hans-Peter Fischer, Department of Pathology, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, D-53127 Bonn, Germany
Constantino Fondevila, Servicio de Cirugia General y Digestiva, Hospital Clinic, Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
M. Friedrich, Klinik fur Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe des Universitatsklinikums Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lubeck Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lubeck, Germany
Jiro Fujimoto, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gifu University, School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu City 501-1194, Japan
Armando Gamboa-Dominguez, Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Tlalpan 14000, Mexico City, Mexico
Jens Peter Goetze, Department of Clinical Biochemistry Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsveg 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
Heike Grabsch, St. James’s University Hospital, Leeds Institute for Molecular Medicine, Academic Unit of Pathology, Level 4, JIF Building, Beckett Street, Leeds LS9 7TF, United Kingdom
William E. Grizzle, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, ZRB 408, 619 18th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35249
Christian Gulmann, Department of Pathology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
Mala Gupta, Department of Pathology, Winthrop University Hospital, 222 Station Plaza North, Suite 606, Mineola, NY 11501
Aaron Han, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American Hospital Dubai, P.O. Box 5566, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Tadashi Hasegawa, Department of Surgical Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
Christian Haslinger, Boehringer Ingelheim Austria, Lead Discovery, Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, A-1121 Vienna, Austria
Kohkichi Hata, Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science Kagawa Prefectural College of Health Sciences, Kagawa 761-0123, Japan
Takanori Hattori, Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science Hospital, Seta, Otsu 520-2192, Japan
Wolfgang Hatzmann, Department of Gynecology, Marien-Hospital, Witten, Herdecke University, Marienplatz 2, 58453 Witten, Germany
M.A. Hayat, Kean University, Department of Biological Sciences, 1000 Morris Avenue, Union, NJ 07083
Qing-Yu He, Department of Chemistry, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
Christoph...
| Erscheint lt. Verlag | 23.5.2006 |
|---|---|
| Sprache | englisch |
| Themenwelt | Medizin / Pharmazie ► Allgemeines / Lexika |
| Medizin / Pharmazie ► Medizinische Fachgebiete ► Onkologie | |
| Studium ► 1. Studienabschnitt (Vorklinik) ► Physiologie | |
| Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Genetik / Molekularbiologie | |
| ISBN-10 | 0-08-045787-8 / 0080457878 |
| ISBN-13 | 978-0-08-045787-1 / 9780080457871 |
| Haben Sie eine Frage zum Produkt? |
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