International Review of Cytology (eBook)

Cover Page 1
Contents 6
Contributors 10
Chapter 1: Roles of PACAP-Containing Retinal Ganglion Cells in Circadian Timing 12
I. Introduction 12
II. The Mammalian Biological Clock: The Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN) 14
III. PACAP in Neurons of the Non-Image Forming System 18
IV. PACAP as Neurotransmitter in the Regulation of Circadian Timing 25
V. Concluding Remarks and Perspectives 38
Acknowledgments 39
References 39
Chapter 2: Cell Polarity in Filamentous Fungi: Shaping the Mold 52
I. Introduction 52
II. Patterns of Hyphal Morphogenesis 53
III. Polarized Growth in Filamentous Fungi 56
IV. A Model for the Establishment and Maintenance of Hyphal Polarity 77
V. Concluding Remarks 79
References 80
Chapter 3: Cellular and Molecular Mechanics of Gliding Locomotion in Eukaryotes 90
I. Introduction 90
II. Gliding Locomotion in the Apicomplexa 92
III. Gliding Locomotion in Diatoms 116
IV. Gliding Locomotion in Labyrinthula 116
V. Gliding Locomotion in Flagellated Protists 125
VI. Concluding Remarks 128
Acknowledgments 128
References 129
Chapter 4: Current Strategies in Overcoming Resistance of Cancer Cells to Apoptosis Melanoma as a Model 142
I. Introduction 143
II. Current Concepts about Induction of Apoptosis in Cancer Cells 144
III. Therapeutic Approaches Targeting the Bcl-2 Family of Anti-Apoptotic Proteins 149
IV. Signal Pathways and Therapeutic Approaches 152
V. Concluding Remarks 159
References 160
Chapter 5: Cell and Molecular Biology of the Exosome: How to Make or Break an RNA 170
I. Introduction 171
II. General Properties of the Exosome 172
III. Functions of the Exosome 191
IV. Regulation of the Exosome 202
V. The Exosome in Disease 209
VI. Concluding Remarks 211
References 212
Chapter 6: Human Hair Keratin-Associated Proteins (KAPs) 220
I. Introduction 220
II. Hair Keratin-Associate Proteins (KAPs) 227
III. Modulation of KAP Gene Expression 248
IV. Concluding Remarks 265
References 266
Index 276