Cell Surface Proteases (eBook)

Cover 1
Copyright Page 5
Contents 6
Dedication 12
Contributors 14
Preface 16
Foreword 18
Introduction 20
Chapter 1. Membrane Type-Matrix Metalloproteinases (MT-MMP) 24
I. Introduction 25
II. Secreted MMPs 26
III. Membrane Type-Matrix Metalloproteinases (MT-MMPs) 30
IV. Summary and Concluding Remarks 75
References 76
Chapter 2. Surface Association of Secreted Matrix Metalloproteinases 98
I. Introduction 98
II. Surface Binding of MMP-9 101
III. Surface Binding of the Soluble Interstitial Collagenases (MMP-1 and MMP-13) 107
IV. Surface Binding of MMP-7 112
V. Surface Binding of MMP-19 114
VI. Concluding Remarks. Surface Binding: A Balance between Positive and Negative Effects on Pericellular Proteolysis 115
References 117
Chapter 3. Biochemical Properties and Functions of Membrane-Anchored Metalloprotease-Disintegrin Proteins (ADAMs) 124
I. Introduction 124
II. Structural Chemistry and Biochemistry 126
III. Expression in Different Tissues and Regulation of Gene Expression 132
IV. Interactions of ADAMs with Other Extracellular and Intracellular Proteins 133
V. Roles in Embryogenesis and Development 136
VI. Roles in Disease 137
VII. Concluding Comments and Future Directions 138
References 139
Chapter 4. Shedding of Plasma Membrane Proteins 148
I. Introduction 148
II. Functional Consequences of Ectodomain Shedding 149
III. Proteases Involved in Ectodomain Shedding 154
IV. How are Substrates Selected? 157
V. Regulation 159
References 161
Chapter 5. Expression of Meprins in Health and Disease 168
I. Introduction 168
II. Expression and Proposed Functions of Astacin Family Members 173
III. Meprin Expression in Cancer 178
IV. Meprins in Inflammatory Diseases 181
V. Summary, Concluding Remarks, Future Directions 184
References 184
Chapter 6. Type II Transmembrane Serine Proteases 190
I. Introduction 191
II. General Features of Type II Transmembrane Serine Proteases 192
III. Corin 196
IV. Enteropeptidase 201
V. Hepsin 204
VI. Matriptase 208
VII. Transmembrane Protease, Serine 2 (TMPRSS2) 213
VIII. Transmembrane Protease, Serine 3 (TMPRSS3) 215
IX. Transmembrane Protease, Serine 4 (TMPRSS4) 216
X. Other Transmembrane Serine Proteases 217
XI. Perspective 219
References 220
Chapter 7. DPPIV, Seprase, and Related Serine Peptidases in Multiple Cellular Functions 230
I. Introduction 230
II. Structural Chemistry and Biochemistry of SIMP 233
III. Biologic and Pathologic Roles 242
IV. Conclusions and Future Directions 249
References 250
Chapter 8. The Secretases of Alzheimer’s Disease 256
I. The Amyloid Hypothesis of Alzheimer’s Disease 256
II. ß-Secretase 259
III. . -Secretase 263
IV. a-Secretase 272
V. Concluding Remarks 274
References 275
Chapter 9. Plasminogen Activation at the Cell Surface 286
I. Introduction 286
II. Structural Chemistry/Biochemistry 289
III. Cellular Binding Sites and the Regulation of the Plasminogen Activation System 302
IV. uPAR as a Regulator of Cell Migration 309
V. Biological and Pathological Roles 314
VI. Concluding Remarks 320
References 323
Chapter 10. Cell-Surface Cathepsin B: Understanding Its Functional Significance 336
I. Introduction 336
II. Cathepsin B Expression and Cancer 338
III. Compartmentalization of Cathepsin B 341
IV. Association of Cathepsin B with the Cell Surface 346
V. Functional Significance of Cell-Surface Cathepsin B 351
VI. Conclusions 356
References 356
Chapter 11. Protease-Activated Receptors 366
I. Introduction and General Overview 366
II. Structural Biochemistry and Classification 368
III. PAR Molecular and Developmental Genetics 376
IV. PARs In Disease and Pathological Processes 380
V. Development and Application of PAR Inhibitors 384
VI. Concluding Remarks 385
References 386
Chapter 12. Emmprin (CD147), a Cell Surface Regulator of Matrix Metalloproteinase Production and Function 394
I. Introduction 394
II. Regulation of MMP Production by Emmprin 395
III. Emmprin Binding Partners 399
IV. Role of Emmprin in Tumor Progression 401
V. Diverse Cellular Functions of Emmprin and Its Homologs in Physiology and Pathology 404
VI. Concluding Remarks 406
References 406
Chapter 13. The Evolving Roles of Cell Surface Proteases in Health and Disease: Implications for Developmental, Adaptive, Inflammatory, and Neoplastic Processes 414
I. Introduction 414
II. Development 414
III. Normal Homeostasis and Adaptive Responses 419
IV. Inflammation and Repair 422
V. Neoplastic Processes 426
VI. Conclusions 428
References 428
Chapter 14. Shed Membrane Vesicles and Clustering of Membrane-Bound Proteolytic Enzymes 434
I. Introduction 434
II. Membrane Vesicle Release 440
III. Role of Shed Vesicles in Cell–Cell Interactions 443
IV. Role of Shed Vesicles in Cell Matrix Interactions 445
V. Fate of Shed Membrane Vesicles 449
VI. Concluding Remarks and Perspective 450
References 450
Index 456
Contents of Previous Volumes 470