Shale Shaker and Drilling Fluids Systems: (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Shale Shaker and Drilling Fluids Systems 6
Copyright Page 7
Contents 8
Acknowledgments 12
Preface 14
Part One: Historical Perspective 16
The Evolution of Solids Separation Devices 21
Index to Archival Composite Catalog Pages 26
Part Two: Shale Shakers 102
Chapter One. Introduction 102
Why Control Drilled Solids? 102
Filter Cakes 102
Plastic Viscosity 103
Wear 103
Carrying Capacity 103
Drilling Fluid Costs 104
Waste Management 105
Chapter Two. The Role of Shale Shakers 106
How a Shale Shaker Screens Fluid 107
Shaker Description 108
Shale Shaker Limits 109
Shaker Development Summary 111
Chapter Three. Shale Shaker Design 112
Shapes of Motion 112
Vibrating Systems 117
Deck Design 118
“G” Factor 118
Power Systems 120
Chapter Four. Shaker Applications 124
Selection of Shale Shakers 124
Selection of Shaker Screens 124
Cascade Systems 126
Dryer Shakers 128
Non-Oilfield Drilling Uses of Shale Shakers 129
Chapter Five. Shaker User's Guide 130
Installation 130
Operation 131
Maintenance 131
General Guidelines 132
Comparison and Analysis of Shale Shaker Performance 132
Conclusions 134
Chapter Six. Shale Shaker Screens 135
Common Screen Cloth Weaves 135
Part Three: Solids Control Management 154
Chapter Seven. Solids Control Equipment 154
Suction and Testing Section 154
Additions Section 155
Removal Section 156
Piping and Equipment Arrangement 156
Surface Tanks 157
Gumbo Removal 158
Sand Traps 158
Degassers 158
Hydrocyclones 158
Mud Cleaners 169
Centrifuges 170
Dewatering Unit 177
Removal Section Arrangement 177
Chapter Eight. Dilution 179
Introduction 179
Effect of Drilled Solids Reaching the Surface 180
Optimum Removal Efficiencies 182
Determining Removal Efficiencies 182
Chapter Nine. Cut Points 185
Chapter Ten. Calculating Drilled Solids Concentrations 188
Procedure for Determining Accurate, Low-Gravity Solids 188
Calculation of Barite Discard 191
Calculating Solids Discard as Whole Drilling Fluid 192
Chapter Eleven. Centrifugal Pumps 193
Commonly Used Oil Field Pumps 193
The Centrifugal Pump 194
Centrifugal Pump Performance Curves 199
Head Losses Through Pipe 202
Pumping Viscous Liquids 209
Anatomy of Centrifugal Pumps 211
Vibration 212
Summary 213
Chapter Twelve. Electric Motors 216
Voltage 216
Temperature Considerations 217
Motor Installation and Troubleshooting 217
Electric Motor Standards 219
Enclosure and Frame Desginations 219
Hazardous Locations 225
Specific Motor Åpplications 228
Chapter Thirteen. Solids Dewatering 231
Introduction 231
Procedure 231
Polymer Technology 233
Coagulation 234
Flocculation 235
Emulsion Polymers 235
Coagulation Concepts and Mechanisms 238
Appendix A. Derrickman's Pages 239
Appendix B. Equipment Guidelines 241
Appendix C. Pre-Well Checklist 250
Appendix D. Troubleshooting Guide 252
Appendix E. Shaker Manufacturers 255
Glossary 294
Index 348