Introduction to Modeling and Control of Internal Combustion Engine Systems (eBook)

Title Page 2
Preface 5
Contents 9
Introduction 13
Notation 13
Control Systems for IC Engines 16
Relevance of Engine Control Systems 16
Electronic Engine Control Hardware and Software 17
Overview of SI Engine Control Problems 18
General Remarks 18
Main Control Loops in SI Engines 20
Future Developments 22
Overview of Control Problems in CI Engines 23
General Remarks 23
Main Control Loops in Diesel Engines 26
Future Developments 30
Structure of the Text 31
Mean-Value Models 33
Introduction 34
Cause and Effect Diagrams 36
Spark-Ignited Engines 37
Diesel Engines 40
Air System 42
Receivers 42
Valve Mass Flows 43
Engine Mass Flows 47
Exhaust Gas Recirculation 49
Supercharger 52
Fuel System 64
Introduction 64
Wall-Wetting Dynamics 65
Gas Mixing and Transport Delays 75
Mechanical System 76
Torque Generation 76
Engine Speed 88
Rotational Vibration Dampers 93
Thermal Systems 97
Introduction 97
Engine Exhaust Gas Enthalpy 98
Thermal Model of the Exhaust Manifold 100
Simplified Thermal Model 101
Detailed Thermal Model 102
Pollutant Formation 110
Introduction 110
Stoichiometric Combustion 110
Non-Stoichiometric Combustion 112
Pollutant Formation in SI Engines 114
Pollutant Formation in Diesel Engines 120
Control-Oriented NO Model 122
Pollutant Abatement Systems 125
Introduction 125
Three-Way Catalytic Converters, Basic Principles 126
Modeling Three-Way Catalytic Converters 129
Pollution Abatement Systems for Diesel Engines 149
Discrete-Event Models 159
Introduction to DEM 160
When are DEM Required? 160
Discrete-Time Effects of the Combustion 160
Discrete Action of the ECU 162
DEM for Injection and Ignition 165
The Most Important DEM in Engine Systems 168
DEM of the Mean Torque Production 168
DEM of the Air Flow Dynamics 173
DEM of the Fuel-Flow Dynamics 176
DEM of the Back-Flow Dynamics of CNG Engines 185
DEM of the Residual Gas Dynamics 187
DEM of the Exhaust System 190
DEM Based on Cylinder Pressure Information 192
General Remarks 192
Estimation of Burned-Mass Fraction 193
Cylinder Charge Estimation 195
Torque Variations Due to Pressure Pulsations 200
Control of Engine Systems 202
Introduction 203
General Remarks 203
Software Structure 204
Engine Operating Point 207
Engine Calibration 208
Engine Knock 210
Autoignition Process 211
Knock Criteria 213
Knock Detection 215
Knock Controller 219
Air/Fuel-Ratio Control 221
Feedforward Control System 221
Feedback Control: Conventional Approach 226
Feedback Control: $H_/infty$ 228
Feedback Control: Internal-Model Control 240
Multivariable Control of Air/Fuel Ratio and Engine Speed 250
Control of an SCR System 255
Engine Thermomanagement 260
Introduction 260
Control Problem Formulation 261
Feedforward Control System 263
Experimental Results 266
Basics of Modeling and Control-Systems Theory 272
Modeling of Dynamic Systems 272
System Description and System Properties 281
Model Uncertainty 287
Control-System Design for Nominal Plants 290
Control System Design for Uncertain Plants 299
Controller Discretization 302
Controller Realization 312
Further Reading 314
Case Study: Idle Speed Control 315
Modeling of the Idle Speed System 316
Parameter Identification and Model Validation 325
Description of Linear System 334
Control System Design and Implementation 336
Combustion and Thermodynamic Cycle Calculation of ICEs 340
Fuels 340
Thermodynamic Cycles 342
References 351