Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols (eBook)

Nucleation: Experiment and Theory.- Homogeneous Nucleation Rate Measurements and the Properties of Critical Clusters.- Size Analysis of Ion and Aerosol Nanoparticles in Nucleation and Growth.- Classical and Generalized Gibbs' Approaches and the Work of Critical Cluster Formation in Nucleation Theory.- Microstructure of Supersaturation Field and Nucleation Experiments.- Efficiency of Immersion Mode Ice Nucleation on Surrogates of Mineral Dust.- Do Highly Supercooled Liquids Freeze by Spinodal Decomposition?.- The Balanced Nucleation and Growth (BNG) Model for Controlled Crystal Nucleation and Size Distribution.- The Balanced Nucleation and Growth (BNG) Model for Controlled Crystal Nucleation and Size in Controlled Precipitations.- Continuous Crystallization: Nucleation and Size Control as a Function of Crystal Solubility.- Investigating the Role of Ammonia in Atmospheric Nucleation.- Dependence of Nucleation Rates on Sulfuric Acid Vapor Concentration in Diverse Atmospheric Locations.- Evaluation of Surface Tension and Tolman Length as a Function of Droplet Radius from Experimental Nucleation Rate and Supersaturation Ratio.- Atmospheric H2SO4 / H2O Particle Formation: Mechanistic Investigations.- The Role of Ions in Condensation Particle Counting for Particle Diameters Below 2 nm.- n-Nonane Nucleation in the Presence of Carbon Dioxide.- Challenges in the Thermochemical Water-splitting Cycle Based on the ZnO/Zn Redox Pair: Rapid Quench and Nucleation of Zinc.- Relevance of Several Nucleation Theories in Different Environments.- Kinetic Theory Applied to Nucleation and Droplet Growth.- Computation of Nucleation Rates for n-Nonane Using the Gradient Theory.- The Temperature of Nucleating Droplets.- Kinetic Reconstruction of the Nucleation Free Energy Landscape.- Laboratory-measured Nucleation Rates of Sulfuric Acid and Water from the SO2 + OH Reaction.- Simulation of the Growth and Decay of Isolated Lennard–Jones Clusters.- An Insight into the Failure of Classical Nucleation Theory.- Nucleation Chemical Physics: From Vapor-phase Clusters to Crystals in Solution.- Homogeneous Nucleation: What I Understand, What I Somewhat Understand, What I do not Understand.- Homogeneous Nucleation Rate in Supersaturated Water Vapor.- Displacement Barrier Heights from Experimental Nucleation Rate Data: Scaling and Universality.- Arrhenius Temperature Dependence of Homogeneous Nucleation Rates.- A Study of Scaled Nucleation in a Model Lennard–Jones System.- Using Small Angle X-ray Scattering to Measure Homogeneous Nucleation Rates of n-propanol in a Supersonic Nozzle.- Condensation of a Supersaturated Lattice Gas.- Argon Nucleation in a Cryogenic Nucleation Pulse Chamber.- Water Homogeneous Nucleation: Importance of Clustering Thermodynamics.- Validation and Development of a New Hailstone Formation Theory–Numerical Simulations of a Strong Hailstorm Occurring Over the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.- Scaling of Critical Nuclei Composed of Diatomic and Triatomic Molecules.- Heterogeneous Condensation on Nanoparticle.- Kinetics of Multicomponent Nucleation in Gas Phase.- Simulation of Nucleation Experiments in Laminar Flow Diffusion Chamber.- A Comparative Study in Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Nucleation.- The Reactions of Sulfuric Acid with Biogenic Criegee Intermediates or Secondary Ozonides as a Possible Source of Nucleation Precursors.- Condensation-Relaxation of Supersaturated Vapor and the Possibility of the Experimental Determination of the Nucleation Rate.- Nanoparticle Detection Using Nucleation Regime of the CPC.- Structure of Sulfuric Acid–Water Clusters.- Quantum Chemical Calculations of the Binding Energies of (H2SO4)2, HOSO2·H2SO4, and HOSO4·H2SO4.- Calculation of Cluster-free Energies Using the Jarzynski Relation.- New Particle Formation and Sulphuric Acid Concentrations During 26 Months in Hyytiälä.- The First Heterogeneous Nucleation Theorem Including Line Tension: Analysis of Experimental Data.- Heterogeneous Nucleation Theorems for Multicomponent Systems.- Nucleation Events in Melpitz, Germany, and Po Valley, Italy: Similarities and Differences.- Simulation of an Aerosol Nucleation Burst.- Heterogeneous Nucleation of Nitrogen.- Homogeneous Nucleation of a Homologous Series of n-Alkanes in a Supersonic Nozzle.- Preliminary Results on Homogeneous Nucleation of Water: A Novel Measurement Technique using the Two-valve Expansion Chamber.- Nucleation: Binary, Homogeneous, and Heterogeneous.- Homogeneous Binary Nucleation Theory and the Structure of Binary Nanodroplets.- Nucleation Versus Spinodal Decomposition in Confined Binary Solutions.- Stabilization of H2SO4–H2O Clusters by Organic Acids.- Critical Cluster Content in High-pressure Binary Nucleation: Compensation Pressure Effect.- The Effect of Total Pressure on Nucleation in a Laminar Flow Diffusion Chamber: n-Pentanol + Helium.- Thermochemistry of (H2SO4)m(H2O)n(NH3)k: A DFT Study.- Monte Carlo Simulations on Heterogeneous Nucleation II: Line Tension.- Insights from the Atomistic Simulations of a Ternary Nucleating System.- Two-component Heterogeneous Nucleation in the Martian Atmosphere.- Binary Homogenous Nucleation of Sulfuric Acid and Water Mixture: Experimental Device and Setup.- Monte Carlo Simulations on Heterogeneous Nucleation I: The Point Where the Classical Theory Fails.- A Kinetically Correct and an Approximate Model of Heterogeneous Nucleation.- Reversible Work of the Heterogeneous Formation of an Embryo of a New Phase on a Spherical Charged Conductor Within a Uniform Multicomponent Macroscopic Mother Phase.- Stochastic Birth and Death Equations to Treat Chemistry and Nucleation in Small Systems.- Nucleation: Ion and Cluster Properties.- Surface Nucleation in Freezing Nanoparticles.- Biogenic Sesquiterpenes and Atmospheric New Particle Formation: A Boreal Forest Site Investigation.- Using Charging State in Estimating the Relative Importance of Neutral and Ion-induced Nucleation.- The Effect of Clouds on Ion Clusters and Aerosol Nucleation at 1,465 m a.s.l.- The Effect of Seed Particle Charge on Heterogeneous Nucleation.- Experimental Observation of Heterogeneous Nucleation Probabilities for Ion-induced Nucleation.- Air Ion Measurements During a Cruise from Europe to Antarctica.- Air Ion Measurements at Mace Head on the West Coast of Ireland.- Improving Particle Detection Effi ciency of a Condensation Particle Counter by Means of Pulse Height Analysis.- The Effect of Temperature on Ion Cluster Formation of 2-propanol.- Heterogeneous Ion-induced Nucleation: Condensation of Supersaturated Vapors on Neutral and Charged Nanoparticles.- Charged State of Freshly Nucleated Particles: Implications for Nucleation Mechanisms.- Measurement of the Charging State with an Ion-DMPS to Estimate the Contribution of Ion-induced Nucleation.- Ice Nucleation.- Progress and Issues in Quantifying Ice Nucleation Involving Atmospheric Aerosols.- Immersion Freezing Effi ciency of Soot Particles with Various Physico-Chemical Properties.- Ice Nucleation Characteristics of Atmospheric Trace Gas Aged Mineral Dust Aerosols with a Continuous Flow Diffusion Chamber.- Ice Initiation for Various Ice Nuclei Types and its Infl uence on Precipitation Formation in Convective Clouds.- Strong Dependence of Cubic Ice Formation on Aqueous Droplet Ammonium to Sulphate Ratio.- Ice Cloud Formation Mechanisms Inferred from in situ Measurements of Particle Number-size Distribution.- The FINCH (Fast Ice Nucleus Chamber Counter).- Heterogeneous Ice Nucleation on Soot Particles.- An Examination of a Continuous Flow Diffusion Chamber's Performance: Implications for Field Measurements of Ice Nuclei.- Activation of Artificial Ice Nuclei.- Heterogeneous Ice Nucleation of Aqueous Solutions with Immersed Mineral Dust Particles.- Immersion Freezing in Emulsifi ed Aqueous Sulfuric Acid Solutions Containing AgI Particles.- Air Quality – Climate.- Global Dimming by Air Pollution and Global Warming by Greenhouse Gases: Global and Regional Perspectives.- Freshly Formed Aerosol Particles: Connections to Precipitation.- Relative Humidity Dependence of Aerosol Optical Properties and Direct Radiative Forcing in the Surface Boundary Layer of Southeastern China.- The Effect of Including Aerosol Nucleation and Coagulation in a Global Model.- On the Estimated Impact of Anthropogenic Cloud Condensation Nuclei (CCN) in the Region of Mexico City on the Development of Precipitation.- Emission of Aerosol Black Carbon in the Atmosphere of Chhattisgarh.- Impact of Saharan Dust on Tropical Cyclogenesis.- Aerosol Distributions over Europe: A Regional Model Evaluation.- An Analysis on Aerosol Variable Tendency and Clouds Physical Effect for Decrease of Natural Precipitation over Hebei Area.- An Assessment of the Direct Radiative Forcing of the PM10-Study Case.- Measurements of Hydroxylated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Atmospheric Aerosols from an Urban Site of Madrid (Spain).- The Simulation of Aerosol Transport over East Asia Region Using CMAQ.- Aerosol – Cloud Interactions.- Current Understanding of Aerosol–Climate Effects.- Mass Spectral Evidence that Small Changes in Composition Caused by Oxidative Aging Processes Alter Aerosol CCN.- Iodine Speciation in Rain and Snow.- Using Aerosol Number to Volu me Ratio in Predicting Cloud Droplet Number Concentration.- Influence of Surface Tension on the Connection Between Hygroscopic Growth and Activation.- On Aerosol-cloud Studies at the Puijo Semiurban Measurement Station.- Partitioning of Aerosol Particles in Mixed-phase Clouds at a High Alpine Site.- The Role of Aerosol Characteristics in the Evolution of Clouds and Precipitation.- Maritime CCN Drizzle Relationships.- Effect of Nucleation and Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation on Cloud Droplet Number Concentrations.- Measurements of the Rate of Cloud Droplet Formation on Atmospheric Particles.- Aerosol Particle Formation in Different Types of Air Masses in Hyytiälä, Southern Finland.- Model Studies of Nitric Acid Condensation in Mixed-phase Clouds.- Modelling Cirrus Cloud Fields for Climate and Atmospheric Chemistry Studies.- A Modelling Study of the Effect of Increasing Background Ozone on PM Production in Clouds.- Aerosol Characterisation and Properties.- Stratospheric Aerosol: Measurements, Importance, Life Cycle, Anomalous Aerosol.- Highlights of Fifty Years of Atmospheric Aerosol Research at Mace Head.- Transformation of Nitrates during the Transport of Air from China to Okinawa, Japan.- Major Factors Affecting the Ambient Particulate Nitrate Level at Gosan, Korea.- Fuctional Group Analysis Using Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Method Development, and Application to Particulate Organic Matter.- Study on the Distribution and Variation Trends of Atmospheric Aerosol Optical Depth over the Yangtze River Delta in China.- Detecting Below 3 nm Particles Using Ethylene Glycol-based Ultrafine Condensation Particle Counter.- Chlorine-phase Partitioning at Melpitz near Leipzig.- Measured Neutral and Charged Aerosol Particle Number Size Distributions in Russia.- Size Distributions, Charging State, and Hygroscopicity of Aerosol Particles in Antarctica.- Dry Deposition Fluxes and Timescales of Turbulent Deposition over Tall Vegetative Canopies.- Observations of Particle Nucleation and Growth Events in the Lower Free Troposphere.- Size-resolved Aerosol Chemical Concentrations at Rural and Urban Sites in Central California, USA.- Measurement of Ultrafine and Fine Particle Black Carbon and its Optical Properties.- Hygroscopic and Volatile Properties of Ultrafine Particles in the Eucalypt Forests: Comparison with Chamber Experiments and the Role of Sulphates in New Particle Formation.- New Particle Formation in Clean Savannah Environment.- Hot-air Balloon Measurements of Vertical Variation of Boundary Layer New Particle Formation.- Optical Properties and Radiative Effects of Aerosols in a Coastal Zone.- On Water Condensation Particle Counters and their Applicability to Field Measurements.- Relationship of Aerosol Microphysical Properties and Chemical Composition of Aerosol in the Baltic Sea Region.- Hygroscopic Properties of Sub-micrometer Atmospheric Aerosol Particles Measured with H-TDMA Instruments in Various Environments – A Review.- Contrasting Organic Aerosol Behaviour in Continental Polluted, Biomass Burning and Pristine Tropical Forest Environments.- Airborne Measurements of Tropospheric Aerosol up to 12 km over West Africa during the Monsoon Season in August 2006.- Closure Between Chemical Composition and Hygroscopic Growth of Aerosol Particles During TORCH2.- Heterogeneous Oxidation of Saturated Organic Particles by OH.- Tropospheric Bioaerosols of Southwestern Siberia: Their Concentrations and Variability, Distributions and Long-term Dynamics.- Assessment of Refractive Index and Microphysical Parameters of Spherical Aerosols from Data of Dual-Polarization Nephelometer.- Number Density and Carbon Concentration of Accumulation Mode Particles over the North Pacific Ocean.- Comparative Effect of Airborne Pollutants on 3 Ångstrom Turbidity Coefficients.- Weekly Distribution of the Aerosol Pollution of the Atmosphere in Tbilisi.- The Influence of Relative Humidity on the Changeability of the Atmospheric Aerosol Optical Depth.- Ground-based Observations of the Chemical Composition of Asian Outflow Aerosols.- The Observations of Cloud Condensation Nuclei over the Bohai Gulf.- Study of Aerosol Emission at Continental Area of Russia.- Modeling the Non-ideal Thermodynamics of Mixed Organic/Inorganic Aerosols.- 7Be–210Pb Concentration Ratio in Ground Level Air in Málaga (36.7° N, 4.5° W).- Chemical Composition and Size Distribution of Fine Aerosol Particles Measured with AMS on the East Coast of the Baltic Sea.- Uptake of Nitric Acid on NaCl Single Crystals Measured by Backscattering Spectrometry.- Investigation of the Heterogeneous Reactions Between Ammonia and Nitric Acid Aerosols.- Carbonaceous Materials in Size-segregated Atmospheric Aerosols in Urban and Rural Environments in North-western Portugal.- Using Föhn Conditions to Characterize Urban and Regional Sources of Particles.- Spatial Distribution of Nanoparticles in the Free Troposphere over Siberia.- EC/OC at Two Sites in Prague.- Submicrometric Aerosol Size Distributions in Southwestern Spain: Relation with Meteorological Parameters.- Characterization of a Propane Soot Generator.- Aerosol Particle Formation Events at Two Siberian Stations.- Characterization of Rural Aerosol in Southern Germany (HAZE 2002).- Chemical Composition, Regional Sources, and Seasonal Patterns of TSP Aerosols at Mace Head.- The Formation of Radiatively Active Aerosol from Coastal Nucleation Events.- Funneling of Meteoric Material into the Polar Winter Vortex.- Connection Between Atmospheric Aerosol Optical Depth and Aerosol Particle Number Concentration in the Air in Tbilisi.- Aerosol Formation, Dynamics and Growth.- Regional Air Quality–Atmospheric Nucleation Interactions.- Atmospheric Nucleation.- Density of Boreal Forest Aerosol Particles as a Function of Mode Diameter.- Effects of Photochemistry and Convection on the UT/LS Aerosol Nucleation: Observations.- Estimating Nanoparticle Growth Rates from Size-Dependent Charged Fractions – Analysis of New Particle Formation Events in Mexico City.- Ions and Charged Aerosol Particles in a Native Australian Eucalypt Forest.- Factors Controlling Spring and Summer Time Aerosol Size Distributions in the Arctic: A Global Model Study.- The Impact of Boundary Layer Nucleation on Global CCN.- Relative Humidity Dependence of Light Extinction by Mixed Organic/Sulfate Particles.- Evaporation Rates and Saturation Vapour Pressures of C3–C6 Dicarboxylic Acids.- Aerosol Formation from Plant Emissions: The Jülich Plant Chamber Experiments.- Upward Fluxes of Particles over Forests: When, Where, Why?.- Observations of Winter-time Nucleation and Particle Growth over/in a Forest.- Ion-mediated Nucleation as an Important Source of Global Tropospheric Aerosols.- Atmospheric Aerosol and Ion Characteristics during EUCAP (Eucalypt Forest Aerosols and Precursors).- Revising the Fuchs “Boundary Sphere” Method.- Atmospheric Charged and Total Particle Formation Rates below 3 nm.- An Algorithm for Automatic Classification of Two-dimensional Aerosol Data.- Capturing the Effect of Sulphur in Diesel Exhaust.- Conditions Favouring New Particle Formation in A Polluted Environment: Results of the QUEST-Po Valley Experiment 2004.- New Method for Simulation of Supersaturated Vapor Condensation.- Simulations of Iodine Dioxide Nucleation.- Development and Estimation of an Expression of Particle Dry Deposition Process Using the Moment Method.- Investigating the Chemical Composition of Growing Nucleation Mode Particles with CPC Battery.- Aerosol Formation from Isoprene: Determination of Particle Nucleation and Growth Rates.- Heterogeneous Reactivity of Sulfate-coated CaCO3 Particles with Gaseous Nitric Acid.- Physical, Chemical and Optical Properties of Fine Aerosol as a Function of Relative Humidity at Gosan, Korea during ABC-EAREX 2005.- Austral Summer Particle Formation Events Observed at the King Sejong Station.- Analysing the Number Concentration of 50 nm Particles with Multivariate Mixed Effects Model.- Aerosol Dynamics Box Model Studies on the Connection of Sulphuric Acid and New Particle Formation.- Effect of Vegetation on Aerosol Formation in South-east Australia.- Linear Model of Nucleation Burst in the Atmosphere.- Condensational Growth of n-Propanol and n-Nonane Droplets: Experiments and Model Calculations.- Connections Between Ambient Sulphuric Acid and New Particle Formation in Hyytiälä and Heideleberg.- Do We Miss Fragile Particles in Particle Size Distribution Measurements?.- Marine Aerosol Production.- Organic Marine Aerosol: State-of-the-Art and New Findings.- Physicochemical Characterisation of Marine Boundary Layer Aerosol Particles during the Sea Spray, Gas Fluxes, and Whitecaps (SEASAW) Experiment.- Iodine Speciation in Marine Boundary Layer.- DOAS Measurements of Iodine Oxides in the Framework of the MAP (Marine Aerosol Production) Project.- Chemical Fluxes in North-east Atlantic Air.- On the Contribution of Isoprene Oxidation to Marine Aerosol over the Northeast Atlantic.- Organic Fraction in Recently Formed Nucleation Event Particles in Mace Head Coastal Atmosphere during Map 2006 Summer Campaign.- A Global Emission Inventory of Submicron Sea-spray Aerosols.- A Combined Organic–Inorganic Sea-spray Source Function.- Observations of Oceanic Whitecap Coverage in the North Atlantic during Gale Force Winds.- Primary Marine Aerosol Produced during Bubble Bursting Experiments Using Baltic Sea, North Sea, and Atlantic Waters.- Similarity Between Aerosol Physicochemical Properties at a Coastal Station and Open Ocean over the North Atlantic.- Marine Aerosol and Secondary Particle Formation over the North Atlantic.- Role of the Volatile Fraction of Marine Aerosol on its Hygroscopic Properties.- Sea Salt Production and Distribution over the North-east Atlantic.- Evaluation of Measured and Predicted Cloud Condensation Nuclei in Mace Head.- Remote Sensing of Aerosols and Clouds.- Aerosol Impact on Remote Sensing in Coastal Environment.- Full Column Aerosol Optical Depth Observations in the Vicinity of Clouds.- Dust Intrusion Influence on Atmospheric Boundary Layer Using Lidar Data.- Alignment of Atmospheric Dust Observed by High-Sensitivity Optical Polarimetry.- Retrieval of Aerosol Distributions by Multi-Axis Differential Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS).- Variations of Desert Dust Optical Properties over Solar Village, KSA.- Atmospheric Aerosols Optical Properties and Climate over Solar Village, KSA.- Aerosol Optical Depth Determination by Combination of Lidar and Sun Photometer.- Wind Speed Influences on Aerosol Optical Depth in Clean Marine Air.- Validation of Satellite Retrieved Aerosol Optical Depth with Ground-based Measurements at Mace Head, Ireland.- Chemical Composition and Cloud Drop Activation.- Laboratory Studies on the Properties and Processes of Complex Organic Aerosols.- Internal Mixing of Organic and Elemental Components in DYCOMS-II Cloud Drop Activation.- Optical Particle Counter Measurement of Marine Aerosol Hygroscopic Growth.- Aerosol–CCN Closure at a Semi-rural Site.- Characterization of Sesquiterpene Secondary Organic Aerosol: Thermodynamic Properties, Aging Characteristics, CCN Activity, and Droplet Growth Kinetic Analysis.- Cloud Condensation Nucleus Activity of Secondary Organic Aerosol Particles Mixed with Sulfate.- Particle Size Critical Supersaturation Relationships.- Aerosol Microphysics in the GISS Climate Model.- Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation and Online Chemical Composition Analysis by Thermal Desorption Chemical Ionisation Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (TDCIAMS).- Cloud Condensation Nuclei Activity at Jeju Island (Korea) in Spring.- CCN Properties of Water-soluble Organic Compounds Produced by Common Bioaerosols.- An Annual Study of Organic Atmospheric Aerosol from a Rural Site of Madrid (Spain).- Fine Particulate Matter in Apulia (South Italy): Chemical Characterization.