Kinematics of Machinery Through HyperWorks (eBook)
XII, 282 Seiten
Springer Netherland (Verlag)
978-94-007-1156-3 (ISBN)
The concept of moving machine members during a thermodynamic cycle and the variation of
displacements, velocities and accelerations forms the subject of kinematics.The study of forces that make the motion is the subject of kinetics; combining these two subjects leads to dynamics of machinery. When we include the machinery aspects such as links, kinematic chains, and mechanisms to form a given machine we have the subject of Theory of Machines.
Usually this subject is introduced as a two-semester course, where kinematics and kinetics are taught simultaneously with
thermodynamics or heat engines before progressing to the design of machine members. This book provides the material for first semester of a Theory of Machines- course.
Th is book brings in the machine live onto the screen and explains the theory of machines concepts through animations and introduces how the problems are solved in industry to present a complete history in the shortest possible time rather than using graphical (or analytical) methods. Thus the students are introduced to the concepts through visual means which brings industrial applications by the end of the two semester program closer, and equips them better for design courses.
The International Federation for promotion of Mechanism and Machine Science (IFToMM) has developed standard
nomenclature and notation on Mechanism and Machine Science and this book adopts these standards so that any communication between scientists and in the classrooms across the world can make use of the same terminology. This book adopts HyperWorks MotionSolve to perform the analysis and visualizations, though the book can be used independent of the requirement of any particular software. However, having this software helps in further studies and analysis. The avis can be seen by entering the ISBN of this book at the Springer Extras website at extras.springer.com
The concept of moving machine members during a thermodynamic cycle and the variation ofdisplacements, velocities and accelerations forms the subject of kinematics.The study of forces that make the motion is the subject of kinetics; combining these two subjects leads to dynamics of machinery. When we include the machinery aspects such as links, kinematic chains, and mechanisms to form a given machine we have the subject of Theory of Machines. Usually this subject is introduced as a two-semester course, where kinematics and kinetics are taught simultaneously withthermodynamics or heat engines before progressing to the design of machine members. This book provides the material for first semester of a Theory of Machines- course. Th is book brings in the machine live onto the screen and explains the theory of machines concepts through animations and introduces how the problems are solved in industry to present a complete history in the shortest possible time rather than using graphical (or analytical) methods. Thus the students are introduced to the concepts through visual means which brings industrial applications by the end of the two semester program closer, and equips them better for design courses. The International Federation for promotion of Mechanism and Machine Science (IFToMM) has developed standardnomenclature and notation on Mechanism and Machine Science and this book adopts these standards so that any communication between scientists and in the classrooms across the world can make use of the same terminology. This book adopts HyperWorks MotionSolve to perform the analysis and visualizations, though the book can be used independent of the requirement of any particular software. However, having this software helps in further studies and analysis. The avis can be seen by entering the ISBN of this book at the Springer Extras website at extras.springer.com
Contents 8
Preface 12
Chapter 1 Beginnings of the Theory of Machines 14
1.1 Beginning of the Wheel 14
1.2 Archimedes (287–212 BC) 15
1.3 Water Wheels 16
1.4 Wind Mills 17
1.5 Renaissance Engineers 17
1.6 Industrial Revolution 18
1.7 The Nature of This Book 19
Chapter 2 Planar Mechanisms 21
2.1 Basic Kinematic Concepts 22
2.2 Elementary Mechanisms 30
2.3 Grübler’s Criterion for Planar Mechanisms 30
2.4 Four-Link Chains 34
2.5 Kinematic Inversion 37
2.6 Additional Problems 46
Chapter 3 Kinematic Analysis of Mechanisms 49
3.1 Velocities by the Centro Method 52
3.2 Relative Velocity Equation 59
3.2.1 Rotation of a Rigid Link about a Fixed Axis 59
3.2.2 Relative Velocity Equation of Two Points on a Rigid Body 60
3.2.3 Relative Velocity Equation of Two Coincident Points Belonging to Two Rigid Bodies 66
3.3 Relative Acceleration Equation 71
3.3.1 Rotation of a Rigid Link about a Fixed Axis 71
3.3.2 Relative Acceleration of Two Points on a Rigid Body 72
3.3.3 Relative Acceleration Equation of Two Coincident Points Belonging to Two Rigid Bodies 79
3.4 Acceleration Analysis of Reciprocating Engine Mechanism 86
3.4.1 Klein’s Construction 86
3.4.2 Ritterhaus Construction 88
3.4.3 Bennet’s Construction 89
3.5 Analytical Determination of Velocity and Acceleration of the Piston 89
3.5.1 Harmonic Analysis for Velocity and Acceleration of the Piston 91
3.6 Additional Problems 92
Chapter 4 Straight Line Motion and Universal Coupling 97
4.1 Condition for Exact Straight Line Motion 98
4.2 Exact Straight Line Motion Mechanisms 99
4.2.1 Paucellier Mechanism 99
4.2.2 Hart Mechanism 99
4.2.3 Scott–Russel Mechanism 101
4.3 Approximate Straight Line Motion Mechanisms 101
4.3.1 Modified Scott–Russel (Grasshopper) Mechanism 101
4.3.2 Watt Mechanism 102
4.3.3 Tchebicheff Mechanism 103
4.3.4 Robert Straight Line Mechanism 105
4.3.5 Pantograph 107
4.3.6 Beam Engine 107
4.3.7 Richards Indicator 107
4.3.8 Crosby Indicator 108
4.3.9 Dobbie–McInnes Mechanism 109
4.4 Steering Gear Mechanism 109
4.4.1 Davis Steering Gear Mechanism 109
4.4.2 Ackermann Steering Gear Mechanism 113
4.5 Hooke’s (Cardan, Universal) Joint or [Universal Coupling] 113
4.5.1 Double Hooke’s Joint 116
4.6 Solved Problems 117
Solved Problem 4.1 117
Solved Problem 4.2 118
Solved Problem 4.3 118
Solved Problem 4.4 119
Solved Problem 4.5 120
Solved Problem 4.6 120
Solved Problem 4.7 121
Solved Problem 4.8 122
Solved Problem 4.9 123
Solved Problem 4.10 123
Solved Problem 4.11 124
Solved Problem 4.12 124
Solved Problem 4.13 125
Solved Problem 4.14 125
Solved Problem 4.15 126
Solved Problem 4.16 127
4.7 Additional Problems 128
Chapter 5 Cams 129
5.1 Types of Cams and Followers 129
Disk [Plate or Radial] Cam 129
Cylindrical [Barrel] Cam 129
Translation Cam 129
5.2 Displacement Diagrams 133
Uniform [Constant Velocity]Motion 135
Uniform Motion Modified by a Circular Arc 137
Parabolic [Constant Acceleration]Motion 137
Trapezoidal Acceleration 140
Modified Trapezoidal Acceleration 140
Simple Harmonic [Cosine Acceleration]Motion 142
Cycloidal [Sine Acceleration]Motion 143
Modified Sine AccelerationMotion 145
Polynomial Motion 146
Combinations of Displacement Curves 148
5.3 Disk Cam with Knife-Edge Follower 152
Minimum Size [Base Circle] 152
5.4 Translating Roller Follower 153
Trace Point 153
Pitch Curve 153
Prime circle 154
Pressure Angle 154
Pitch Point 155
Pitch Circle 155
Analytical Design 156
Pointing [Undercutting] 156
Maximum Pressure Angle 159
5.5 Translating Flat Follower 163
Graphical Layout 163
Analytical Design 163
Cusp 166
5.6 Oscillating Flat Follower 167
5.7 Cams of Specified Contour 169
Eccentric Circle Cam with Translating Flat Follower 169
Eccentric Circle Cam with Translating Roller Follower 170
Circular Arc Cam [Triple-Curve] with Translating Flat Follower 171
Circular Arc Cam [Triple-curve] with Translating Roller Follower 173
Tangent Cam with Roller Follower 174
5.8 Solved Problems 175
Solved Problem 5.1 175
Solved Problem 5.2 178
Solved Problem 5.3 180
Solved Problem 5.4 181
Solved Problem 5.5 181
Solved Problem 5.6 184
Solved Problem 5.7 184
Solved Problem 5.8 189
Solved Problem 5.9 191
Solved Problem 5.10 192
Solved Problem 5.11 192
Solved Problem 5.12 194
Solved Problem 5.13 195
5.9 Additional Problems 197
Chapter 6 Spur Gears 199
6.1 Classification of Gears 199
6.2 Types of Motion 204
6.3 Nomenclature 206
6.4 Law of Gear Tooth Action 210
6.5 Involute as a Gear Tooth Profile 211
6.6 Layout of an Involute Gear Set 213
6.7 Producing Gear Teeth 217
6.8 Meshing Gears and Line of Contact 219
6.9 Interference of Involute Gears 219
6.10 Minimum Number of Teeth to Avoid Interference 222
6.11 Contact Ratio 224
6.12 Cycloidal Tooth Profiles 227
6.13 Cycloidal and Involute Tooth Forms 230
6.14 Solved Problems 230
Solved Problem 6.1 230
Solved Problem 6.2 231
Solved Problem 6.3 232
Solved Problem 6.4 234
Solved Problem 6.5 234
Solved Problem 6.6 236
Solved Problem 6.7 236
Solved Problem 6.8 237
Solved Problem 6.9 237
Solved Problem 6.10 238
6.15 Additional Problems 239
Chapter 7 Helical, Spiral,Worm and Bevel Gears 241
7.1 Involute Helicoid 241
7.2 Helical Gear Tooth Relations 241
7.3 Contact of Helical Gear Teeth 245
7.4 Helical Gear Calculations 247
7.5 Spiral [Crossed Helical] Gears 247
7.6 Worm Gearing 248
7.7 Bevel Gears 251
7.8 Formation of Bevel Gears 252
7.9 Solved Problems 254
Solved Problem 7.1 254
Solved Problem 7.2 255
Solved Problem 7.3 255
Solved Problem 7.4 256
Solved Problem 7.5 256
Solved Problem 7.6 257
Solved Problem 7.7 257
Solved Problem 7.8 258
Solved Problem 7.9 258
Solved Problem 7.10 258
Solved Problem 7.11 259
7.10 Additional Problems 259
Chapter 8 Gear Trains 261
8.1 Classification of Gear Trains 261
8.2 Simple Gear Trains 262
8.3 Compound Gear Trains 263
8.4 Synthesis of Gear Trains 264
8.5 Gear Train Applications to Machine Tools 265
8.6 Epicyclic Trains 269
8.7 Inversions of Epicyclic Trains 270
8.8 Differential Trains 273
8.9 Torque Distribution in Epicyclic Trains 274
8.10 Example of an Epicyclic Train 275
8.11 Coupled Epicyclic Trains 276
8.12 Wilson Four-Speed Automobile Gear Box 279
8.13 Solved Problems 280
Solved Problem 8.1 280
Solved Problem 8.2 281
Solved Problem 8.3 281
Solved Problem 8.4 282
Solved Problem 8.5 282
Solved Problem 8.6 282
Solved Problem 8.7 283
Solved Problem 8.8 283
Solved Problem 8.9 285
Solved Problem 8.10 286
Solved Problem 8.11 286
Solved Problem 8.12 287
Solved Problem 8.13 288
8.14 Additional Problems 289
Index 290
| Erscheint lt. Verlag | 18.3.2011 |
|---|---|
| Reihe/Serie | History of Mechanism and Machine Science | History of Mechanism and Machine Science |
| Zusatzinfo | XII, 282 p. 226 illus., 200 illus. in color. |
| Verlagsort | Dordrecht |
| Sprache | englisch |
| Themenwelt | Naturwissenschaften ► Physik / Astronomie ► Mechanik |
| Technik ► Bauwesen | |
| Technik ► Maschinenbau | |
| Schlagworte | cams • Gears • History • Kinematics • machines • mechanisms • Motion • steering linkages |
| ISBN-10 | 94-007-1156-5 / 9400711565 |
| ISBN-13 | 978-94-007-1156-3 / 9789400711563 |
| Haben Sie eine Frage zum Produkt? |
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