Structure and Chemistry of Crystalline Solids (eBook)

Bodie Douglas is Professor Emeritus of Chemistry of the University of Pittsburgh. He has had three editions of an inorganic chemistry textbook and a textbook on symmetry and group theory. He spent a year with the crystallographic group of Sir Gordon Cox at the University of Leeds (England). Shi-Ming Ho retired from Westinghouse Research Laboratory where he worked in materials science. Ideas for the system used for describing structures in this book were part of his doctoral dissertation with Bodie Douglas.

Preface 5
Contents 9
Introduction 11
Classification of Crystals, Point Groups, and Space Groups 16
2.1. Seven Crystal Systems and the 14 Bravais Lattices 16
2.2. Point Groups 17
2.3. Miller Indices 21
2.4. Stereographic Projections 22
2.5. The 32 Crystal Classes 23
2.6. The 230 Space Groups 24
2.7. Hermann-Mauguin Notation and Classification 26
2.8. Representative Designation of Crystals 29
2.9. Pearson’s Simplified Notation 29
Close Packing and the PTOT System 31
3.1. Close Packing 31
3.2. T and O Layers (Layers of Interstitial Sites) 32
3.3. Formation of the PTOT Framework 34
3.4. Notation in the PTOT System 35
3.5. Major Types of Structures in the PTOT System 36
Crystal Structures of the Elements and Some Molecular Crystals 44
4.1. Noble Gases 44
4.2. Metals 45
4.3. The Body-Centered Cubic Structure 53
4.4. Nonmetals 57
4.5. Some Molecular Crystal Structures 66
Structures Involving P and O Layers 73
5.1. Cubic Close-Packed Structures 73
5.2. Hexagonal Close-Packed Structures 82
5.3. ccp PO Crystal Structures with Partial Filling of Layers 88
5.4. hcp PO Crystal Structures with Partial Filling of Layers 99
5.5. Layer Structures (POP) 118
Crystal Structures Involving P and T Layers 127
6.1. Cubic Close-Packed PT Structures 127
6.2. Hexagonal Close-Packed PT Structures 130
6.3. Structures Involving P and Both T Layers 134
6.4. Structures of SiC 154
Crystal Structures Involving P, T, and O Layers 157
7.1. Molecular 3 2PTOT (bcc) Crystal Structures 159
7.2. The 3 2PTOT Crystal Structures of the MX Type 163
7.3. Complex PTOT Crystal Structures 173
7.4. POT Crystal Structures 179
Structures with Multiple Layers 182
8.1. Crystal Structures Involving Unusual Combinations of P Layers 182
8.2. Crystal Structures with Double Layers 186
8.3. Crystal Structures with Triple Layers (IIP) 202
Crystal Structures of Some Intermetallic Compounds 205
9.1. Compounds Involving Only P Layers 209
9.2. Compounds Involving PTOT Layers 223
9.3. Compounds Involving Only P and O Layers 233
9.4. The Laves Phases 236
Crystal Structures of Silica and Metal Silicates 243
10.1. Structures of Silica [ SiO2] 243
10.2. General Patterns of Structures of Silicates 248
10.3. Crystal Structures of Some Metal Silicates 254
Structures of Organic Compouds 289
11.1. Aliphatic Compounds 289
11.2. Aromatic Compounds 297
Predicting Structures and Assigning Notations 302
12.1. General Considerations for Solids 302
12.2. General Features of Close-Packed Structures 304
12.3. Predicting Structures 305
12.4. Assignment of Notation for Structures Involving Close Packing 309
12.5. Summary 313
Further Reading 316
Polyhedra in Close-Packed Structures 319
Lattice Types 319
Polyhedra 319
Polyhedra in Cubic Close-Packed (ccp) and Hexagonal Close- Packed ( hcp) Structures 323
Models from Stacking Polyhedra 323
The CsCl Structure Described in a Close- Packed System 324
Spacial Relationships in Close-Packed Structures 325
Subject Index 327
Minerals and Gems 335
Formula Index 337