Liquid Separations with Membranes (eBook)

Karl W. Böddeker became Professor at Technical University Hamburg (TUHH) while he already was well known as an expert on desalination and pervaporation in the scientific community, both in EMS and NAMS. He retired from GKSS Research in 2005 but is still active as lecturer at TUHH. He served as an editor for the Journal of Membrane Science and still is an active editor for Membrane News, the quarterly newsletter of the European Membrane Society (EMS).

Preface 5
Contents 8
Symbols and Abbreviations 11
Symbols 11
Greek 12
Indices 12
Abbreviations 13
Polymer notation 13
1 An Introduction to Barrier Separation 14
1.1 Separation is ... 14
1.2 Barrier separation is ... 16
1.3 Membranes, economy of size and affinity 18
1.4 Driving force, actuating barrier interference 21
1.5 Dynamics of barrier separation 23
1.6 On units and dimensions 25
Bibliography 28
2 The Thermodynamic Connection 30
2.1 Mixtures and solutions 30
2.2 The driving force in barrier separation 38
2.3 The master flux equation 44
Bibliography 50
3 Osmosis et cetera 51
3.1 Osmosis 51
3.2 Reverse osmosis 58
3.3 The power of osmosis 71
Bibliography 74
4 Membrane Filtration 75
4.1 On size and size exclusion 75
4.2 Liquid transport in membrane filtration 78
4.3 Solute transport in membrane filtration 86
4.4 Rating porous membranes 88
4.5 Notable applications 90
Bibliography 92
5 Pervaporation versus Evaporation 93
5.1 Phenomenon and realization 93
5.2 Mass transport and selectivity 94
5.3 The capability of pervaporation 99
5.4 Hydrophilic pervaporation 100
5.5 Organophilic pervaporation 105
5.6 Pervaporation in perspective 115
Bibliography 115
6 What Membranes are About 117
6.1 Prelude: Collodion membranes 117
6.2 Membrane polymers – polymer membranes 118
6.3 Like dissolves like 121
6.4 Microporous barriers 123
Bibliography 124
7 Tracing Membrane Science, an Historical Account 125
Literature cited 131
Appendix 132
A Properties of Aqueous Solutions 133
B Criteria of Technical Water Quality 135
Hardness 135
Alkalinity 136
Corrosiveness 137
C Marker Molecules 139
Synthetic macromolecules 140
D Membrane Polymers 141
Natural polymeric materials 141
Synthetic polymers 141
Synthetic copolymers (elastomers) 142
E Microporous Structures 143
Subject Index 150