Relativistic Astrophysics and Cosmology – Einstein’s Legacy (eBook)

Preface 5
Contents 8
List of Participants 17
Scientific Advisory Comittee 30
Local Organizing Comittee 30
Invited Speakers 30
Cosmology 32
Structure Formation in a Variable Dark Energy Model and Observational Constraints 33
1 Introduction 33
2 Structure Formation in the Variable Dark Energy Model 34
3 Observational Constraints on the Dark Energy Model 35
4 Conclusions 37
References 37
Effect of the Rotation of the Universe on the Energy Levels of Hydrogen Atoms 38
1 Shell Model and Spin-Spin Interaction 38
2 G AE odel Universe and Lamb Shift of Hydrogen 39
3 Discussion 40
References 40
Modified Chaplygin Gas and Accelerated Universe 41
1 Introduction 41
2 Modified Chaplygin Gas in FRWModel 42
3 The Role of StateFinder Parameters in FRW Universe 43
4 Discussions 45
References 45
Spherically Symmetric, Static Spacetimes in a Tensor- Vector- Scalar Theory 46
1 Introduction 46
2 The Basic Equations of TeVeS 47
3 Spherical Symmetric, Static Spacetimes 47
4 Analytic Solution when Ur Vanishes 49
5 Conclusions 50
References 50
Type Ia Supernovae and Cosmology 51
1 Introduction 51
2 Modeling type Ia supernovae 52
3 Some simulation results 53
4 Predictions for observable quantities 54
5 Summary and conclusions 56
References 57
Path and Path Deviation Equations in Kaluza-Klein Type Theories: A Brief Introduction* 59
1 The Bazanski Approach in 5D 59
2 Rotation in 5D 60
References 61
Studying Dark Energy with Galaxy Clusters 62
1 Introduction 62
2 Self Calibration in Cluster Surveys 63
3 Dark Energy Constraints from Upcoming Surveys: An Example 65
4 Final Comments 67
References 67
Astrophysical Tests of Fundamental Physics 68
References 72
Slow-roll Corrections to Inflation Fluctuations on a Brane 73
1 Introduction and Motivation 73
2 Summary and Discussions 74
References 75
Statistical Mechanics of the SDSS Galaxy Distribution 76
1 Introduction 76
2 Theoretical Models 76
3 Comparison with Observation 77
References 79
The Second-Order Cosmological Perturbation and the Large Scale Structure Formation 80
1 Introduction 80
2 Equations 81
3 Correspondence 81
4 Summary 82
Supermassive Black Holes in Galaxies 83
1 Introduction 83
2 Analysis of the NGC 4486a Data 84
3 Outlook 85
References 85
Lagrangian Description for the Cosmic Fluid 86
1 Linear Perturbation 86
2 Higher-Order Approximation 86
3 The Validity of Lagrangian Description 87
4 Future Prospect 87
References 88
MachÌs Principle and a Variable Speed of Light 89
1 Riddles in Gravitational Physics 89
2 MachÌs Principle 90
3 SciamaÌs Version of MachÌs Principle. 90
4 Einstein and a Variable c. 90
5 The Equivalence Principle 91
6 c as a Function of the Mass Distribution in the Universe 91
7 Visible Matter and Flatness 92
8 Outlook 92
References 93
A Century of Cosmology 94
1 Introduction 94
2 Einstein and . 94
3 Big Bang vs. Steady State 95
4 Discovery and Non-discovery of the CMB 96
5 Nucleosynthesis 97
6 CMB Anisotropy 97
7 Supernovae 99
8 Search for Two Numbers 99
9 Discussion 101
References 101
Gravity 103
The Stochastic Gravitational-Wave Background from Cold Dark Matter Halos 104
1 The Hybrid Approximation and the Most-Probable Halo 104
2 Results and Conclusions 105
References 106
GravitationalWave from Realistic Stellar Collapse : Odd Parity Perturbation 108
1 Introduction 108
2 Set Up and Numerical Result 108
3 Conclusion 110
References 110
Finding the Electromagnetic Counterparts of Standard Sirens 111
1 Introduction 111
2 The GW Error Volume 112
3 Search for Quasar Counterparts 113
4 Conclusions 114
References 115
Strong-Field Tests of Gravity with the Double Pulsar 116
1 Introduction 116
2 Strong-Field Tests with the Double Pulsar 117
3 Further and Future Measurements 119
4 Summary & conclusions
References 119
The Relativistic Time Delay of the Pulsar Radiation in the Non- Stationary Gravitational Field of the Globular Clusters 121
References 123
Relativistic Bose-Einstein Condensation Model for Dark Matter and Dark Energy 124
1 Introduction 124
2 BEC in the Universe 125
3 Observational Constraints 126
4 Conclusions 126
References 126
Equilibrium Configurations of Degenerate Fermionic Dark Matter and the Black Hole Mass Hierarchy 127
1 Introduction 127
2 Structures Formed by Degenerate Fermions 127
3 Flat-top Structures at the Centre of A1689 Ò Hybrid State Equation Ò 128
References 129
Hardening in a Stellar Time-Evolving Background: Prospects for LISA 130
1 Introduction 130
2 Star-Binary Interactions 131
3 Conclusions 133
References 134
GravitationalWaves for Odd Parity from a Collapsing Dust Ball 135
1 Introduction 135
2 Basic Equations 135
3 Conclusion and Discussion 137
References 137
Black Holes 138
The Supermassive Black-Hole Mass Estimation in the Sy1.9 Galaxy SBS 0748+ 499 139
1 Introduction 139
2 Discussion 141
References 141
Accretion of StellarWinds in the Galactic Centre 143
1 Introduction 143
2 Method and Initial Conditions 144
3 Results 144
4 Conclusions 146
References 147
Winds Driven by Line Opacity near Neutron Stars and Black Holes 148
1 Introduction 148
2 Gravitationally Exposed Flow 150
3 Discussion 150
References 151
Inspiral of Double Black Holes in Gaseous Nuclear Disks 153
1 Introduction 153
2 The Simulations 154
3 Conclusion 155
References 155
The Cosmogony of Super-Massive Black Holes 157
1 Introduction and Motivation 157
2 Black Hole Formation and Growth in Galactic Centers 157
3 Evolution of Self-Gravitating Accretion Disks and the Growth of Black Hole Masses 158
4 Discussion and Outlook 160
References 161
The Flare Activity of Sagittarius A* 162
1 Introduction 162
2 NIR/X-Ray Correlation 163
3 NIR Polarization Measurements 164
References 165
Mass Function of Remnant Black Holes in Nearby Galaxies 166
1 Overview 166
2 Previous results 166
3 Our sample 167
4 Preliminary results 167
References 168
Tidal Capture by a Black Hole and Flares in Galactic Centres 169
1 Introduction 169
2 Flares from a tidal disruption of a Solar type star by a 106M black hole 169
3 The time scale puzzle of flares in Sagittarius A* and tidal disruption and infall of a comet or asteroid 170
References 171
Low-Rate Accretion onto Isolated Stellar-Mass Black Holes 172
References 175
Clumps of material orbiting a black hole and the QPOs 177
1 Succesive passages of an asteroid about a black hole 177
2 Conclusions 178
References 179
Multi-Scale Simulations of Merging Galaxies with Supermassive Black Holes 180
1 Introduction 180
2 The Numerical Simulations 181
3 Gas Inflows and the Structure of the Nuclear Disks 182
4 Sinking SMBHs 183
5 Conclusions 183
References 184
The Parallel Lives of Supermassive Black Holes and their Host Galaxies 186
1 Introduction 186
2 SMBH as Tracers of Galaxy Evolution 188
3 Conclusions 190
References 190
The Polarization Properties of Sgr A* at Submillimeter Wavelengths 191
1 Introduction 191
2 The Submillimeter Array (SMA) 192
3 Observations and Results 194
4 Discussion 195
5 Future Observations 196
References 196
Highlights of XMM-Newton Observations of Black Holes 198
1 Introduction 198
2 Birth of Black Holes 199
3 The Growing of Black Holes 199
4 Close to the Event-Horizon: Mass and Spin 199
5 Resum • e 201
References 201
Evolution of Supermassive Black Holes 202
1 Introduction 202
2 Sowing the Seeds of Black Holes 203
3 Spinning Top Toys and Yo-Yos 205
4 Playing Pools with Black Holes 207
5 Conclusions 208
References 208
Active Galactic Nuclei 211
AGN and XRB Variability: Propagating-Fluctuation Models 212
1 Introduction 212
2 Observed X-ray Timing Properties 212
3 Fluctuating Accretion Models 213
4 Fits to Real Data 214
References 215
The Source of Variable Optical Emission is Localized in the Jet of the Radio Galaxy 3C 390.3 216
1 The Link between Variable Radio Emission of the Jet and Optical Continuum Emission 216
2 The Central Sub-Pc-Scale Region in 3C 390.3 217
References 218
XMM-Newton RGS Spectra in Type 2 Seyfert Galaxies 219
First Results from the Extended Chandra Deep Field- South ( E- CDF- S) Survey 222
Pointers to the Refereed Scientific Literature 222
References 223
The Optical and X-ray Properties of AGN in COSMOS 224
1 The XMM-COSMOS Survey 224
2 Multicolor Properties of hard X-ray Sources 224
3 X-ray Spectral Properties 226
References 228
Relativistic Iron Lines at High Redshifts 229
1 Introduction 229
2 Stacking in XMMÒ 231
and 231
Deep Fields 231
3 Searching for Broad Lines in Deep Fields 231
4 Conclusions 233
References 233
An Explanation for the Soft X-Ray Excess in Active Galactic Nuclei 234
1 Introduction 234
2 Data & Analysis
3 Results & Discussion
References 238
Extended Inverse-Compton Emission from Distant, Powerful Radio Galaxies 239
1 Introduction 239
2 3C 432 239
3 3C 191 240
References 240
The Most Distant Radio Quasar as seen with the Highest Resolution 242
1 Introduction 242
2 Observations 242
3 Results and discussion 243
References 244
Investigating Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 with X-Ray Spectral Complexity 245
1 The high-energy spectral complexity in narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies 245
2 Sample definition 246
3 Results 246
References 247
A Survey of Gaussian Flares in AGN 248
1 Description of the study and motivation 248
2 Results 248
References 250
A Simple Model for Quasar Density Evolution 251
1 Introduction 251
2 Outline of the model 251
3 Results 252
References 253
The Dispersion of the MIR Ò Hard X-ray Correlation in AGN 254
1 Introduction 254
2 Our project and data 255
3 Conclusion 256
References 256
Gamma-Ray Probe of the QSOÌs Obscured Evolution 257
1 Obscured AGNs 257
2 Conclusions 259
References 259
Optical Observations of SBS1520+530 at TUG 260
1 Introduction 260
2 Observations and photometry 261
3 Results 262
References 262
Less is More? Are Radiogalaxies Below the Fanaroff- Riley Break More Polarised on Pc-Scales? 263
1 Introduction 263
2 Observations and Results 263
3 Conclusions 265
References 265
Relativistic Effects on the Observed AGN Luminosity Distribution and Spectral Shape of Seyfert Galaxies 266
1 Introduction 266
2 AGN Luminosity Distribution with Relativistic Corrections 266
3 X-Ray Spectra from Seyfert I and Seyfert II AGNs with Relativistic Corrections 267
4 Conclusion and Discussion 268
References 268
Nuclear Activity in Galaxies driven by Binary Supermassive Black Holes 269
1 Binary Black Holes and Nuclear Activity in Galaxies 269
2 Conclusion 272
References 273
Extragalactic Photon Background above GeV Energies: High Peaked BL Lacertae Objects or Dark Matter? 274
1 Introduction 274
2 Blazars detected with imaging air Cherenkov Telescopes 275
3 Gamma Rays due to annihilating SUSY Dark Matter 277
4 Comparison of astrophysical and combined EGRB Models 279
References 280
Resolving the Dust Tori in AGN with the VLT Interferometer 281
1 Dust Tori in AGN: what do we expect ? 281
2 The Seyfert II Case: Resolving the Torus 282
3 A Special Case: the Radio Galaxy Centaurus A 284
4 First Conclusions 285
References 286
Iron K Lines of AGN in the XÒRay Background 288
1 XÒRay Deep Field Observations of the Lockman Hole 288
2 Model of the Iron K Line Features 288
3 Conclusions 290
References 290
Black Hole Mass and Growth Rate and Metal Enrichment at Low and High Redshift 291
1 Introduction 291
2 Mass Accretion Rate and Metallicity at High Redshift 292
3 Mass Accretion Rate and Metallicity at Low Redshift 292
Log 293
N V/ C IV 293
4 Growth Time of Massive Black Holes and Time Dependent Metallicity 295
5 Conclusions 297
References 297
Is the Light Bending Effect atWork in the Core of NGC 4051? 299
References 301
Jet Activity in Supermassive Binary Black Holes 303
1 Introduction 303
2 Periodic Variability in Close SBBHs 303
3 Jet Activity and Evolution of SBBHs 305
References 305
Statistics of Local Hard X-Ray Selected AGN: Contribution of Obscured Accretion Onto Supermassive Black Holes 306
1 Introduction 306
2 RXTE Slew Survey (XSS) at 3Ò20 keV 306
3 INTEGRAL All-Sky Survey above 20 keV 307
4 Conclusion 307
References 309
3D-Models of Clumpy Tori in Seyfert Galaxies 310
1 Introduction 310
2 Our Model 310
3 Dust: Mass Study 311
4 Conclusions 312
References 312
Clusters of Galaxies 314
Cosmological Tests with Galaxy Clusters 315
1 Introduction 315
2 Cosmological Tests with the Abundance and Spatial Distribution of Clusters 316
3 Complementarity to other Cosmological Tests and Conclusions 318
References 319
Supermassive Black Holes in Elliptical Galaxies: Switching from Very Bright to Very Dim 321
1 Introduction 321
2 Black Hole Energy Release in X-ray Binaries and AGNs 322
3 Conclusions 325
References 325
Metal Enrichment of the ICM due to Ram-Pressure Stripping of Cluster Galaxies 326
1 Introduction 326
2 Numerical Method 326
3 Results 328
References 328
Radio Bubbles in Clusters: Relativistic Particle Content 329
1 Introduction 329
2 ParticleEnergies 329
3 Jet Matter Content 330
4 Conclusions 331
References 331
The XMM-Newton Distant Cluster Project 333
1 Introduction 333
2 The XMM-Newton Distant Cluster Project 333
References 335
Tracing the MassÒAssembly History of Galaxies with Deep Surveys 336
1 Introduction 336
2 Connecting Star Formation and Stellar Mass 336
3 The Build-up of the Most Massive Galaxies 337
References 338
Outbursts from Supermassive Black Holes and their Impacts on the Hot Gas in Early- Type Galaxies, Groups and Clusters 340
1 Hot Gas in Early Type Galaxies, Groups, and Clusters 340
2 M87 - A CANONICAL CLUSTER COOLING CORE 341
3 Hot Gas in Early Type Galaxies, Groups, and Clusters 344
4 Conclusion 344
References 345
Tracing Gas Motions in the Centaurus Cluster 346
1 Introduction 346
2 Model 346
3 Results 346
4 Turbulent Heating 348
References 348
Simulations of GalacticWinds and Starbursts in Galaxy Clusters 349
1 Introduction 349
2 Numerical methods 349
3 Summary and Conclusions 351
References 351
The ARCRAIDER Project: A Unique Sample of X-Ray Bright, Massive Gravitational Lensing Galaxy Clusters 352
1 Introduction 352
2 Optical Observations of Z3146 352
3 Lensing Analysis 353
4 X-ray Analysis 354
5 Conclusions 355
References 355
APEX-SZ: A Sunyaev-ZelÌdovich Galaxy Cluster Survey 357
1 Motivation for SZ cluster surveys 357
2 An SZ receiver for the APEX telescope 357
3 Expected galaxy cluster sample 358
4 Scientific goals of the APEX-SZ survey 358
5 First light observations 358
6 Conclusions 359
References 359
Detecting Virialization Shocks Around Galaxy Clusters Through the SZ Effect 360
1 Overview 360
2 Cluster profiles 360
3 Significance of detecting shocks 361
4 Parameter estimation 361
References 362
Numerical Simulations of Metal Enrichment and Mergers in Clusters of Galaxies 363
1 Introduction 363
2 The Simulations 363
3 Tracing Gas in Cluster Mergers 364
4 Metal Enrichment of the Intra-Cluster Medium 364
References 365
Turbulence in Galaxy Clusters: Impact on the Abundance Profiles 366
1 Introduction 366
2 The Model 366
3 Results 368
References 369
Studying the Nature of Dark Energy with Galaxy Clusters 370
1 Introduction 370
2 Local Cluster Sample 370
3 Distant Cluster Sample 372
References 373
Hydrodynamical Simulations of Cluster Formation with Central AGN Heating 375
1 Method 375
2 AGN Heating in Isolated Halos 375
3 AGN Feedback in Cosmological Simulations 377
4 Conclusions 377
References 378
Metal Enrichment Processes in the Intra-Cluster Medium 379
1 Introduction 379
2 Numerical Method 380
3 Results 380
4 Outlook 382
References 382
Ultraviolet-Bright, High-Redshift ULIRGS 384
1 Introduction 384
2 Observations and Analysis 385
3 Ultraviolet-Bright ULIRGs 385
References 388
Gamma Ray Bursts 389
The Correlation between .F. Peak Energy and radiated Energy in GammaÒ Ray Bursts 390
1 Introduction 390
2 TheE 391
Ò E 391
correlation: observations 391
3 Main implications of the E 392
Ò E 392
correlation 392
References 395
Particle Acceleration and Radiative Losses at Relativistic Shocks 396
1 Background and Methods 396
2 Results 397
References 398
The Swift Gamma-Ray Burst Mission: First Results 400
1 INTRODUCTION 400
2 SWIFT HIGHLIGHTS 401
3 CONCLUSIONS 407
References 407
The Afterglow of the Gamma-Ray Burst 050502a: First Case of an Early (< 1 hr) MultiÒ Colour Detection
1 Introduction 409
2 GRB 050502a: first early multi-colour light curve 410
References 411
Kinetic Plasma Simulations of GRB Fireball Collisions: Synchrotron Features 413
GRB polarimetry: Constraints on fireball models 413
Turbulent magnetic fields and synchrotron emission 413
References 415
Relativistic Jet Propagation in the Progenitor of GRBs 416
1 Introduction 416
2 Model and Numerical Method 416
3 Results and Discussion 417
4 Summary 418
References 418
Gravitational Collapse and Neutrino Emission of Population III Massive Stars 419
1 Introduction 419
2 Models and Methods 420
3 Gravitational Collapse of Pop III Massive Stars 420
4 Relic Neutrino from Pop III Massive Stars 420
5 Conclusions 422
References 423
Theoretical Interpretation of GRB 031203 and URCA-3 424
1 Luminosity and Spectral Properties. 424
2 The GRB 031203/Sn2003lw/URCA-3 Connection. 425
References 426
Baryonic Loading and e+ e- Rate Equation in GRB Sources 427
1 Introduction 427
2 Contrasts in the Dynamical Description of the Expanding Plasma 428
3 Conclusions 428
References 430
Gamma-ray Bursts from X-ray Binaries 432
1 Introduction 432
2 Magnetization of LMXBs 432
3 Generation of Differential Rotation 433
4 Open Issues 434
References 434
X-ray Binaries and Jets 436
Accretion and Relativistic Jets in Galactic Microquasars 437
1 Introduction 437
2 Source States in a Nutshell 437
3 Time Variability as a Tracer 438
4 Conclusions: Noisy Accretion and Ejection 440
References 441
Spectral and Variability Properties of LS 5039 from Radio to very High- Energy Gamma- Rays 442
1 Introduction 442
2 A Cold Matter Dominated Jet Model applied to LS 5039 442
References 443
30 Years Blandford-Znajek Process Ò Are Black Hole Jets Driven by the Ergosphere ? 446
1 The Two Hairs of Black Holes 446
2 Black Hole Magnetospheres 449
3 TimeÒDependent GRMHD and Jet Outflows 449
References 450
Radiative Acceleration and Collimation of Jets from TCAF Discs 452
1 Introduction 452
2 Model Assumptions and Results 452
3 Conclusion 454
References 454
Relativistic Jets in Active Galactic Nuclei: Importance of Magnetic Fields 455
1 Power of the Jets Launching 455
2 Efficiency of the Jet Launching 457
3 Conclusions 457
References 457
String Mechanism for Relativistic Jet Formation 458
References 460
Shock Location in Funnel Flows onto Magnetized Neutron Stars 461
References 464
General Relativistic Simulation of Jet Formation in Kerr Black Hole Magnetosphere 465
1 Introduction 465
2 Results 466
3 Conclusion 468
References 468
Radio Jets as Decelerating Relativistic Flows 469
References 471
Extragalactic Relativistic Jets and Nuclear Regions in Galaxies 473
1 Introduction 473
2 Anatomy of Jets 474
3 Jets and Nuclear Regions in AGN 475
4 Conclusion 476
References 476
Modeling the Relativistic Jets in SS 433 Using Chandra X- ray Spectroscopy 478
1 Introduction 478
2 Observations 481
3 Preliminary Results 481
4 FurtherWork 482
References 482
General Relativistic MHD Simulations of Relativistic Jets from a Rotating Black Hole Magnetosphere 483
1 Simulations 483
2 Results 484
3 Summary and Discussion 484
References 485
Particle Acceleration, Magnetic Field Generation, and Emission in Relativistic Pair Jets withWeibel Instability 486
1 Simulations 486
2 Summary and Discussion 488
References 488
Analytical and Numerical Studies of Fluid Instabilities in Relativistic Jets 489
1 Introduction 489
2 Numerical Simulations 490
References 491
Forced Oscillations in Relativistic Accretion Disks and QPOs 492
1 Introduction 492
2 Hydrodynamical Disk [3] 492
3 Slow vs Fast Rotator 493
4 Conclusion 494
References 494
QPOs: EinsteinÌs Gravity Non-Linear Resonances 495
1 Introduction 495
2 QPOs and General Relativity 495
3 Klu • zniak-Abramowicz Resonance Model 496
4 Conclusions 498
References 498
Cosmic-Ray Acceleration and Viscosity 501
1 Introduction 501
2 Cosmic-Ray Acceleration in Shear Flows 501
3 Cosmic-Ray Viscosity 502
References 503
Gamma-Ray Emission from Microquasars: Leptonic vs. Hadronic Models 504
1 Introduction 504
2 A Leptonic Model for Microquasars 505
3 A Hadronic Model for Microquasars 505
4 Discussion 506
References 506
Magnetized Supernovae and Pulsar Recoils 507
1 Introduction 507
2 Models 507
3 Results 508
4 Discussion and Conclusion 508
5 Acknowledgments 508
References 510
Jet Deceleration: the Case of PKS 1136-135 511
1 Introduction 511
2 Modelling Deceleration 511
3 Discussion 513
References 513
Some Conclusions on The Magnetic Fields of Neutron Stars in Atoll and Z Sources 514
1 Introduction 514
References 516
Conference Summary 517
EinsteinÌs Legacy: a Summary 518
Author Index 523