Plasma Polarization Spectroscopy (eBook)

T. Fujimoto graduated from Kyoto University in 1964, finished his PhD. in 1969. He has been professor of Kyoto University from 1982 to 2005. He published "Plasma Spectroscopy" from Oxford University Press in 2004. A. Iwamae graduated from Kyoto University in 1992, finished his Ph.D. in 1997. He has been Lecturer of Kyoto University from 1999. He has been working on PPS experiments of various plasmas.

Preface 6
Contents 8
List of Contributors 14
1 Introduction 16
1.1 What is Plasma Polarization Spectroscopy? 16
1.2 History of PPS 20
1.3 Classification of PPS Phenomena 22
1.4 Atomic Physics 23
References 25
2 Zeeman and Stark Effects 28
2.1 General Theory 28
2.2 Zeeman Effect 32
2.3 Stark Effect 35
2.4 Combination of Electric and Magnetic Fields 40
References 42
3 Plasma Spectroscopy 44
3.1 Collisonal-Radiative Model: Rate Equations for Population 44
3.2 Ionizing Plasma and Recombining Plasma 49
References 64
4 Population-Alignment Collisional-Radiative Model 65
4.1 Population and Alignment 65
4.2 Excitation, Deexcitation and Elastic Collisions: Semiclassical Approach 69
4.3 Ionization and Recombination 78
4.4 Rate Equations 80
References 82
5 Definition of Cross Sections for the Creation, Destruction, and Transfer of Atomic Multipole Moments by Electron Scattering: Quantum Mechanical Treatment 83
5.1 General Theory 83
5.2 Inelastic Scattering 90
5.3 Alignment Creation by Elastic Electron Scattering 95
References 102
6 Collision Processes 104
6.1 Inelastic and Elastic Collisions 104
6.2 Recombination 123
6.3 Alignment Relaxation by Atom Collisions 130
References 138
7 Radiation Reabsorption 140
7.1 Alignment Creation by Radiation Reabsorption: Self- Alignment 140
7.2 Alignment Relaxation: Alignment Destruction and Disalignment 149
References 155
8 Experiments: Ionizing Plasma 157
8.1 Gas Discharge Plasmas 157
8.2 Z-Pinch Plasmas 166
8.3 Laser-Produced Plasmas 175
8.4 Magnetically Confined Plasmas 178
References 188
9 Experiments: Recombining Plasma 190
9.1 Introduction 190
9.2 Laser-Produced Plasmas 190
References 195
10 Various Plasmas 196
10.1 Charge Separation in Neutral Gas-Confined Laser- Produced Plasmas 196
10.2 Polarization of X-Ray Laser 212
10.3 Atomic Kinetics of Magnetic Sublevel Populations and Multipole Radiation Fields in Calculation of Polarization of Line Emissions 217
References 223
11 Polarized Atomic Radiative Emission in the Presence of Electric and Magnetic Fields 225
11.1 Introduction 226
11.2 Polarization-Density-Matrix Description 228
11.3 Polarization of Radiative Emission Along the Magnetic- Field Direction 240
11.4 Reduced-Density-Matrix Formulation 246
References 254
12 Astrophysical Plasmas 256
12.1 Introduction 256
12.2 Origin of Polarized Radiation 258
12.3 Quantum Theory of Photon–Atom Processes 261
12.4 The Hanle Effect in the Two-Level Atom 265
12.5 Scattering Polarization from Complex Atoms: The Role of Level- Crossing Physics 281
References 295
13 Electromagnetic Waves 297
13.1 Introduction 297
13.2 Effect of Environment on Atomic Dynamics 298
References 308
14 Instrumentation I 310
14.1 PPS Instrumentation in the UV–Visible Region 310
14.2 Polarization Degree 322
References 332
15 Instrumentation II 333
15.1 X-ray Polarization Measurements 333
15.2 Novel Polarimeter–Spectrometer for X-rays 340
References 351
Appendix A Light Polarization and Stokes Parameters 352
A.1 Electric Dipole Radiation 352
A.2 Stokes Parameters 355
Appendix B Angular Momentum and Rotation Matrix 356
B.1 Angular Momentum Coupling 356
B.2 Rotation Matrix 359
References 362
Appendix C Density Matrix: Light Observation and Relaxation 363
C.1 Density Matrix 363
C.2 Temporal Development 365
C.3 Observation 366
C.4 Examples 367
C.5 Relaxation 372
References 373
Appendix D Hanle Effect 374
D.1 Classical Picture 374
D.2 Quantum Picture 375
Appendix E Method to Determine the Population 376
Reference 379
Index 380