Economics of Identity Theft (eBook)

List of Figures & Tables
List of Contributors 7
Preface 8
Acknowledgments 10
Table of Contents 11
1. Identity in Economics, and in Context 12
Where are Your Papers? 13
2. Modern Technological and Traditional Social Identities 16
Identity In a Community 16
Papers vs. Avatars 18
The Elements of Identity 22
3. Identity Theft 28
Avoiding Identity Theft, Individually 31
Identity versus Risk Management 36
4. Who Owns You? 44
Me@WhereIAm 45
Email Trust-Based Viruses 46
Possible Solutions 47
Federated Identity 49
CardSpace 52
Microsoft ID Card 54
Real ID 56
Implications of Different Identity Management Systems 58
5. Defeating the Greatest Masquerade 60
Web Spoofing and Scams 60
Third-Party Assertions of Identity 63
Proving Identity Through Personal Disclosure 66
Signaling Identities 67
6. Secrecy, Privacy, Identity 71
Laws of Identity 73
Privacy as Spatial 74
Data Protection 77
Autonomy 78
Property 79
Sign on the Virtual Line 80
7. Security and Privacy as Market Failures 83
Economics of Security 86
Economics of Privacy 88
8. Trusting Code and Trusting Hardware 92
9. Technologies of Identity 95
10. Anonymous Identifiers 98
11. Digital Signatures 107
The Public Key Infrastructure 108
End Note: What Are Public Keys 113
12. Strengths and Weaknesses of Biometrics 115
Introduction 115
Identification and Verification 116
Overview 116
Three Basic Elements of All Biometric Systems 117
Enrollment 117
Templates 118
Matching 118
Template Management, Storage and Security 119
Biometric Applications 122
Mainstream Biometrics 123
Classifying Biometric Applications 126
Salient Characteristics of Biometrics 128
Biometric Conclusions 130
13. Reputation 131
Proving Identity Through Social Networks 131
Functions and Authentication in P2P Systems 133
Peer Production and Identification 142
14. Scenario I: Your Credentials Please 146
Introduction 146
The State of Identity 146
The Path to Today 149
The Technology and Policies 151
Closing 151
15. Scenario II: Universal National Identifier 153
Introduction 153
The Path to Today 155
Motivation: Terror and Fraud 155
Early Efforts 156
A National ID System 157
Phase-in 158
The Technology and the Policy: Privacy Protection 160
Trust and Administration 162
The Future of UID 162
16. Scenario III: Sets of attributes 164
Introduction 164
The Evolution of Identity 164
How IDs are used in 2040 165
17. Scenario IV: Ubiquitous Identity Theft 167
The State of Identity 167
The Path to Today 169
18. Closing 175
19. References and Further Reading 177
20. Index 184
A 184
B 184
C 184
D 184
E 184
F 184
I 184
L 184
M 184
P 184
R 185
S 185
T 185
V 185