Transportation Systems Analysis (eBook)

Introduction 6
Contents 11
Modeling Transportation Systems: Preliminary Concepts and Application Areas 18
1.1 Introduction 18
1.2 Transportation Systems 18
1.3 Transportation System Identification 22
1.4 Modeling Transportation Systems 34
1.5 Model Applications and Transportation Systems Engineering 37
Reference Notes 44
Transportation Supply Models 45
2.1 Introduction 45
2.2 Fundamentals of Traffic Flow Theory 45
2.3 Congested Network Models 61
2.4 Applications of Transportation Supply Models 72
Reference Notes 103
Random Utility Theory 105
3.1 Introduction 105
3.2 Basic Assumptions 106
3.3 Some Random Utility Models 111
3.4 Expected Maximum Perceived Utility and Mathematical Properties of Random Utility Models 149
3.5 Choice Set Modeling* 155
3.6 Direct and Cross-elasticities of Random Utility Models* 159
3.7 Aggregation Methods for Random Utility Models 164
3.A. Derivation of Logit Models from the GEV Model 168
3.B. Random Variables Relevant for Random Utility Models 177
Reference Notes 182
Travel-Demand Models 184
4.1 Introduction 184
4.2 Trip-based Demand Model Systems 187
4.3 Examples of Trip-based Demand Models 196
4.4 Trip-Chaining Demand Models* 234
4.5 Activity-Based Demand Models 243
4.6 Applications of Demand Models 250
4.7 Freight Transportation Demand Models* 253
Reference Notes 270
Basic Static Assignment to Transportation Networks 273
5.1 Introduction 273
5.2 Definitions, Assumptions, and Basic Equations 279
5.3 Uncongested Networks 292
5.4 Congested Networks: Equilibrium Assignment 318
5.5 Result Interpretation and Parameter Calibration 352
5.A. Optimization Models for Stochastic Assignment 355
Reference Notes 358
Advanced Models for Traffic Assignment to Transportation Networks 362
6.1 Introduction 362
6.2 Assignment with Pre-trip/En-route Path Choice 362
6.3 Equilibrium Assignment with Variable Demand 380
6.4 Multiclass Assignment 402
6.5 Interperiod Dynamic Process Assignment** 409
6.6 Synthesis and Application Issues 432
Reference Notes 432
Intraperiod (Within-Day) Dynamic Models* 434
7.1 Introduction 434
7.2 Supply Models for Transport Systems with Continuous Service 436
7.3 Demand Models for Continuous Service Systems 464
7.4 DemandÒSupply Interaction Models for Continuous Service Systems 468
7.5 Dynamic Traffic Assignment with Nonseparable Link Cost Functions and Queue Spillovers 477
7.6 Models for Transport Systems with Scheduled Services 493
7.A. The Simplified Theory of KinematicWaves Based on Cumulative Flows: Application to Macroscopic Link Performance Models 510
Reference Notes 523
Estimation of Travel Demand Flows 526
8.1 Introduction 526
8.2 Direct Estimation of Present Demand 527
8.3 Disaggregate Estimation of Demand Models 533
8.4 Disaggregate Estimation of Demand Models with Stated Preference Surveys* 549
8.5 Estimation of O-D Demand Flows Using Traffic Counts 562
8.6 Aggregate Calibration of Demand Models Using Traffic Counts 582
8.7 Estimation ofWithin-Period Dynamic Demand Flows Using Traffic Counts 587
8.8 Real-Time Estimation and Prediction of Within-Period Dynamic Demand Flows Using Traffic Counts 593
8.9 Applications of Demand Estimation Methods 595
Reference Notes 599
Transportation Supply Design Models 602
9.1 Introduction 602
9.2 General Formulations of the Supply Design Problem 605
9.3 Applications of Supply Design Models 608
9.4 Some Algorithms for Supply Design Models 620
Reference Notes 632
Methods for the Evaluation and Comparison of Transportation System Projects 634
10.1 Introduction 634
10.2 Evaluation of Transportation System Projects 635
10.3 Methods for the Comparison of Alternative Projects* 654
Reference Notes 693
Review of Numerical Analysis 695
A.1 Sets and Functions 695
A.2 Solution Algorithms 702
A.3 Fixed-Point Problems 703
A.4 Optimization Problems 709
A.5 Variational Inequality Problems 721
Index 726
References 736