Metastable States in Amorphous Chalcogenide Semiconductors (eBook)

Metastable States in Amorphous Chalcogenide Semiconductors 1
1 Introduction 12
References 15
2 Effect of Thermal Evaporation Conditions on Structure and Structural Changes in Amorphous Arsenic Sulfides 16
2.1 Introduction to Amorphous Solids 16
2.2 Experimental Investigation of the Influence of Thermal Evaporation Conditions 17
2.3 Summary 23
References 24
3 Optical Absorption and Structural Transformationsin Arsenic Selenide Films 25
3.1 Sample Preparation and Measurement Technique 28
3.2 Raman Scattering in Amorphous Selenium 29
3.3 Composition Dependence of Raman Bands in Amorphous Se-Rich AsxSe1-x Alloys 32
3.4 Laser-Induced Structural Transformation of AsxSe1-x Amorphous Films 35
3.5 Summary 42
References 43
4 Trap Level Spectroscopy in Amorphous Selenium-Based Semiconductors 45
4.1 Thermally Stimulated Depolarisation Currentsin Amorphous Chalcogenides: Background 46
4.2 Thermally Stimulated Depolarisation Currents in Se-Based Amorphous Semiconductors:Experimental Details 52
4.2.1 Sample Preparation 52
4.2.2 Experimental Arrangement 52
4.3 Thermally Stimulated Depolarisation Currentsin Se-Based Amorphous Semiconductors 53
4.3.1 TSDC in Pure Selenium 53
4.3.2 TSDC in As(Sb)x Se1-x alloys 56
4.4 Summary 59
References 59
5 Photoinduced Effects on Electronic Metastable States 61
5.1 Steady-State Photocurrents 61
5.2 Light-Induced Effects on Photocurrent Transients 62
References 68
6 Deep Level Spectroscopy in Selenium-Rich Amorphous Semiconductors 69
6.1 Xerographic Dark Decay and Photoinduced Effects 69
6.2 Residual Voltage in Se-Rich Photoreceptors 73
References 74
7 Recombination Process and Non-Isothermal Relaxationof Low-Temperature Photoinduced Effects 75
7.1 Recombination Process as it Appearsin the Photocurrent Transients 75
7.2 Non-Isothermal Relaxation of Low-Temperature Photoinduced Effects 76
7.3 Possible Mechanism of Photoinduced Changes 78
References 81
8 Electronic Properties of Materials with Gross Permanent Photoinduced Changes 82
8.1 Structure 83
8.2 Electronic Properties 85
8.3 Thermally Stimulated Currents 86
8.4 Carrier Transport in Cu–As–Se Amorphous Semiconductors 90
8.5 Concluding Remarks 96
References 96
9 Carrier Transport in Selenium-Based Amorphous Multilayer Structures 97
9.1 Monolayer Systems 99
9.2 Multilayer Systems 100
9.3 The Effect of the Interface 103
9.4 Light-Induced Effects on Photocurrent Transients 104
9.5 Use of Multilayer Structures for the Determinationof Transit Time 105
9.6 Concluding Remarks 106
References 107
10 Spectroscopic Studies of Gap States and Laser-Induced Structural Transformations in Selenium-Based Arsenic-Free Amorphous Semiconductors: SbxSe1-x Alloys 108
10.1 Basic Properties 110
10.2 Dark Discharge 112
10.3 Transient Photoconductivity 113
10.4 Photoinduced Discharge Characteristics 114
10.5 Optical Properties 119
10.6 Structural Transformation 120
References 125
Index 126