Computational Biomechanics for Medicine (eBook)

Preface 6
Contents 8
Contributors 10
Part I Computational Biomechanics of Soft Tissues and Flow 14
1 Patient-Specific Modelling of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Flow Problems Challenges 15
2 MRI Tissue Segmentation Using a VariationalMultilayer Approach 16
1 Introduction 16
2 Proposed Multilayer MRI Segmentation Models 17
3 Experimental Results and Comparisons 20
References 26
3 Mapping Microcalcifications Between 2D Mammograms and 3D MRI Using a Biomechanical Model of the Breast 28
1 Introduction 28
2 Methods 30
2.1 The Modelling Framework 30
2.2 Co-localisation of Microcalcifications 31
3 Validation Using a Gel Phantom 32
3.1 Results 34
4 Application to X-Ray Mammography 34
4.1 Results 37
5 Discussion 37
References 39
4 Accuracy of Non-linear FE Modelling for Surgical Simulation: Study Using Soft Tissue Phantom 40
1 Introduction 40
2 Experiment 42
2.1 Soft Tissue Phantom Preparation 42
2.2 Experiment Apparatus 43
2.2.1 Experiment Setup 43
2.2.2 Bi-plane X-Ray Image Intensifiers System for Motion Tracking 43
2.3 Determining the Material Constants 45
3 Modelling 46
3.1 Finite Element Mesh 46
3.2 Contact Formulations, Loading and Boundary Conditions 47
4 Results 47
5 Discussion and Conclusions 49
References 50
5 Patient-Specific Hemodynamic Analysis for Proximal Protection in Carotid Angioplasty 53
1 Introduction 53
2 Method 55
2.1 Vascular Model Construction 55
2.2 Hemodynamics Modeling 55
3 Results 56
3.1 Normal Flow 56
3.2 Flow in CAS with Proximal Protection 58
4 Discussion 60
5 Conclusion 61
References 62
6 Cortical Surface Motion Estimation for Brain Shift Prediction 63
1 Introduction 63
2 Cortical Surface Displacement Estimation 65
2.1 Algorithm Description 65
2.2 Preoperative Surface Extraction 66
2.3 Implementation and Parameter Selection 67
3 Validation Results 68
4 Discussion and Conclusions 69
References 70
7 Method for Validating Breast Compression Models Using Normalised Cross-Correlation 73
1 Introduction 73
2 Methods 74
2.1 Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Breast Compression 74
2.2 Image Warping Using Finite Element Models 75
2.3 Image Analysis and Comparison 75
Results 77
3.1 Validation of Comparison Method Using a Breast-Shaped Phantom 77
3.2 Application to Breast Biomechanical Modelling 77
4 Discussion 79
References 81
8 Can Vascular Dynamics Cause Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus? 82
1 Introduction 83
2 Biomechanical Model 83
2.1 Brain Mesh and Material Properties 83
2.2 Brain Model Boundary Conditions 84
2.3 Brain Parenchyma Vasculature Model 85
3 Results 87
4 Discussions and Conclusions 88
References 88
Part II Computational Biomechanics of Tissues of Musculoskeletal System 90
9 Computational Modelling of Human Gait: Muscle Coordination of Walking and Running 91
10 Influence of Smoothing on Voxel-Based Mesh Accuracy in Micro-Finite Element 92
1 Introduction 93
2 Methods 93
2.1 Creation of the Reference Model 93
2.2 Creation of the Voxel-Based Mesh 94
2.3 Smoothing 94
2.4 Prism Division 95
2.5 Finite Element Study 96
3 Results 96
4 Discussion 98
References 100
11 Biomaterial Surface Characteristics Modulate the Outcome of Bone Regeneration Around Endosseous Oral Implants: In Silico Modeling and Simulation 101
1 Introduction 101
2 Materials and Methods 102
2.1 Mathematical Model Formulation 102
2.2 Experimental Model and Geometry of the Wound Compartment 104
2.3 Derivation of Surface-Specific Model Parameters 104
2.4 Numerical Simulations 105
3 Results 106
4 Discussion 109
References 110
12 Subject-Specific Ligament Models: Toward Real-Time Simulation of the Knee Joint 113
1 Introduction 113
2 Transversely Isotropic Hyperelasticity for Tetrahedrons 115
2.1 Properties of Tetrahedral Elements 115
2.2 Strain Energy 116
2.3 Derivations for the Jacobian 116
2.4 Derivations for Isotropic Ground Substance 117
2.5 Derivations for Collagen Fiber Family 117
2.6 Derivations for Volume Conservation 119
2.7 In Situ Stress 119
3 Estimating Subject-Specific Fiber Orientations 119
3.1 Centerline Extraction 120
3.2 Local Fiber Orientation 120
4 Material for Subject-Specific Ligament Model 121
4.1 Image Data 121
4.2 Rheological Parameters 121
5 Experiments and Results 121
5.1 Verification 121
5.2 MCL Simulation 122
6 Discussion 124
References 124
13 Ergonomic Assessment of Hand Movementsin Laparoscopic Surgery Using the CyberGlove 126
1 Introduction 126
1.1 Aims 127
1.2 Previous Research Works with the CyberGlove ® 127
2 Tools and Method 127
2.1 SIMULAP-IC05 Features 128
2.2 The CyberGlove ® Features 128
2.3 Clinical Evaluation Characteristics 128
2.4 RULA Method 129
2.5 Computer Application 129
2.6 Data Analysis 130
3 Results 131
4 Discussion 131
4.1 Future Researches 132
References 132
14 Effects of Fetal Head Motion on Pelvic Floor Mechanics 134
1 Introduction 134
2 Method 135
2.1 Finite Element Model Creation 135
2.2 Mechanical Constraints 136
2.3 Mechanics Simulation Framework 136
3 Results 138
4 Discussion 138
References 141
15 Novel Monitoring Method of Proximal Caries Using Digital Subtraction Radiography 143
1 Introduction 143
2 Materials and Methods 144
2.1 Tooth Images Selected 144
2.2 Pixel Subtraction of Radiographs 144
2.3 Proposed Novel Method of Image Subtraction 145
3 Experimental Results and Discussion 147
4 Conclusions 148
References 149
Index 151