Metal-to-Nonmetal Transitions (eBook)

Preface 6
References 10
Contents 12
1 Luttinger, Peierls or Mott? Quantum Phase Transitions in Strongly Correlated 1D Electron–Phonon Systems 17
1.1 Introduction 17
1.2 Luttinger–Peierls Metal–Insulator Transition 19
1.3 Peierls–Mott Insulator–Insulator Transition 25
1.4 On the Possibility of an Intervening Metallic Phase 30
1.5 Limiting Cases 32
1.5.1 Adiabatic Holstein–Hubbard Model 32
1.5.2 Spin–Peierls Model 33
1.6 Conclusions 34
Acknowledgements 36
References 36
2 The Metal–Nonmetal Transition in Fluid Mercury: Landau–Zeldovich Revisited 38
2.1 Introduction 38
2.2 The Liquid–Vapor Phase Boundary of Mercury 39
References 49
3 The Influence of Pauli Blocking Effects on the Mott Transition in Dense Hydrogen 51
3.1 Introduction 51
3.2 Bound States in a Plasma 53
3.2.1 Generalized Beth–Uhlenbeck Equation 53
3.2.2 Effective Schrödinger Equation of Pairs 54
3.2.3 Evaluation of the Mean-Field Energy Shift of Bound States: Perturbation Theory 56
3.2.4 Evaluation of the Mean-Field Energy Shift of Bound States: Variational Approach 59
3.2.5 Evaluation of the Mean-Field Energy Shift of Bound States Including the Fock Term 62
3.2.6 Discussion of Further Contributions to the Shift 64
3.3 Thermodynamic Functions and Ionization Equilibriumof Hydrogen 65
3.3.1 The Chemical Picture 65
3.3.2 The Ionization Equilibrium 68
3.4 Discussion and Conclusions 72
Acknowledgment 73
References 73
4 Metal–Insulator Transition in Dense Hydrogen 76
4.1 Introduction 76
4.2 Mott Effect in Dense Plasmas 77
4.2.1 Theoretical Concept 77
4.2.2 Experimental Signatures 79
4.3 Advanced Chemical Models 80
4.3.1 Free Energy Model for the EOS of Dense Hydrogen 80
4.3.2 Reduced Volume Concept 81
4.3.3 Results for the EOS 82
4.4 Warm Dense Hydrogen in the Physical Picture 84
4.4.1 Quantum Molecular Dynamics Simulations 84
4.4.2 Ab Initio EOS Data and Hugoniot Curve 86
4.4.3 Dynamic Conductivity 90
4.5 Conclusion 92
Acknowledgment 93
References 93
5 Resolving the Ion and Electron Dynamics in Finite Systems Exposed to Intense Optical Laser Fields 98
5.1 Introduction 98
The Role of Collective Effects 99
5.2 Experimental Challenge 104
Ultrafast Laser System 107
5.3 Computational Details 108
5.4 Results and Discussion 113
5.4.1 Energetic Particle Emission 113
Electron Yield 116
5.4.2 Time-Resolved Studies 116
5.4.3 Directed Electron Emission 120
5.4.4 Control Experiments 122
5.5 Conclusions 124
References 124
6 Mott Effect in Nuclear Matter 127
6.1 Introduction 127
6.2 Single Particle Spectral Function and Self-Energy 129
6.3 Two-Particle Contribution: Generalized Beth–UhlenbeckFormula and Virial Expansion 132
6.4 Cluster Mean-Field Approximation 136
6.5 Nucleon–Nucleon Interaction 139
6.6 Quasiparticle Approximation and the EoS at High Densities 142
6.7 Medium Modifications of Two-Particle Correlations 144
6.8 Medium Modification of Cluster Properties 148
6.9 Composition of Normal Nuclear Matter 151
6.10 Comparison with the Concept of Excluded Volume 155
6.11 Two-Particle Condensates at Low Temperatures 155
6.12 Four-Particle Condensates and Quartetting in Nuclear Matter 158
6.13 Suppression of Condensate Fraction in Matter at Zero Temperature 162
6.14 Enhancement of Cluster c.o.m. S Orbital Occupation in 4n Nuclei 165
6.15 Conclusions 168
Acknowledgment 170
References 171
7 BEC–BCS Crossover in Strongly Interacting Matter 173
7.1 Introduction 173
7.2 Quark Matter 175
7.2.1 Partition Function and Model Lagrangian 175
7.2.2 Hubbard–Stratonovich Transformation: Bosonization 176
7.2.3 Mean-Field Approximation: Order Parameters 177
7.2.4 Phase Diagram 178
7.2.5 Gaussian Fluctuations: Bound and Scattering States 181
7.3 Further Developments 187
7.4 Nuclear Matter 188
7.4.1 Lagrangian Approach to the Partition Function (NJL vs. Walecka model) 188
7.4.2 Hubbard–Stratonovich Transformation: Bosonization 189
7.4.3 Mean-Field Approximation: Order Parameters and EoS 190
7.4.4 Discussion 192
7.5 Conclusions 193
References 193
Index 195