Single Molecule Chemistry and Physics (eBook)

Preface 6
Contents 7
1 Introduction to Single Molecule Chemistry and Physics 12
2 Basics of Electron Tunneling Processes and Scanning Tunneling Microscopy 16
2.1 Principles of Tunneling Processes 16
2.2 Introduction to Scanning Tunneling Microscopy ( STM) 26
3 Single Molecule Structural Characterization 40
3.1 Molecular Imaging Mechanisms of STM 41
3.2 Single Diatomic Molecules on Metal Surfaces 47
3.3 Aromatic Molecules and Macrocyclic Molecules 53
3.4 Single Hydrocarbon Molecules 66
3.5 Single Molecules Immobilized by Molecular Matrix 68
3.6 Single Molecule Adsorption on Organic Substrates 71
3.7 Electron-Spin Resonance Study of Single Molecules 77
4 Single Molecule Diffusion and Chemical Reactions 80
4.1 Molecular Diffusion on Surfaces 80
4.2 Single Atom and Molecule Manipulations 85
4.3 Single Molecule Chemical Reactions on Metal Surfaces 89
4.4 Single Molecules on Semiconductor Surfaces 104
4.5 Single Molecule Reactions on Metal Oxide Surfaces 108
5 Molecular Scale Analysis Using Scanning Force Microscopy 118
5.1 Basic Principles of Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) 118
5.2 AFM Operating in Contact Mode 123
5.3 AFM Operating in Oscillatory Modes 129
5.4 Magnetic Force Microscopy (MFM) 134
5.5 Force Spectrum and Surface Mapping 138
6 Intermolecular and Intramolecular Interactions 142
6.1 Techniques for Studying Intermolecular and Intramolecular Interactions 142
6.2 Static Force Measurements of Single Molecules 145
6.3 Intramolecular Interactions of Single Molecules 155
6.4 Dynamic Force Measurements of Single Molecules 165
7 Electrical Conductivity of Single Molecules 170
7.1 Introduction 170
7.2 Electrical Conductivity of Molecular Monolayers 176
7.3 Single Molecule Conductance 181
8 Single Molecule Fluorescence Imaging and Spectroscopy: Far- Field Studies 194
8.1 Introduction 194
8.2 Single Molecule Imaging in Far-Field Configuration 199
8.3 Low-Temperature Studies of Single Molecules in Solid Matrices 200
8.4 Single Fluorescence Molecules in Liquid Conditions 207
8.5 Single Molecules in Other Support Media 218
8.6 Tip-Induced Single Molecule Fluorescence 223
8.7 Dynamics of Single Polymeric Molecules Studied by Fluorescence Microscopy and Related Techniques 224
9 Single Molecule Fluorescence Imaging and Spectroscopy: Near- Field Studies 234
9.1 Near-Field Scanning Optical Microscopy 234
9.2 Near-Field Scanning Optical Microscopy and Spectroscopy 241
9.3 Other Near-Field Optical Microscopy 248
10 Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering ( SERS) of Single Molecules 252
10.1 Introduction of SERS Effect 252
10.2 SERS of Single Molecules 255
10.3 Tip-Induced SERS 264
10.4 Near-Field SERS 265
10.5 Raman Spectroscopy of Carbon Nanotubes 267
References 270
Chapter 2 270
Chapter 3 271
Chapter 4 276
Chapter 5 280
Chapter 6 286
Chapter 7 290
Chapter 8 296
Chapter 9 304
Chapter 10 306
Index 310