Analytical Chemistry (eBook)

Preface 5
Contents 8
Symbols 11
Abbreviations and Acronyms 23
1 Object of Analytical Chemistry 30
1.1 Definition of Analytical Chemistry 30
1.2 Repertoire of Analytical Chemistry 34
2 The Analytical Process 42
2.1 Principles of Sampling 44
2.2 Sample Preparation 52
2.3 Principles of Analytical Measurement 55
2.4 Analytical Evaluation 60
3 Signals in Analytical Chemistry 72
3.1 Signals and Information 72
3.2 Analytical Signals 73
3.3 Types and Properties of Analytical Signals 76
3.4 Dimensionality of Analytical Signals and Information 82
3.5 Mathematical Model of Signal Generation 89
4 Statistical Evaluation of Analytical Results 94
4.1 Reliability of Analytical Observations and Measurements 94
4.2 Uncertainty Concept 104
4.3 Statistical Tests 107
4.4 Reliability of Qualitative Analytical Tests 114
4.5 Statistical Quality Control 119
5 Studying In uences and Optimizing Analytical Procedures 130
5.1 Testing the Signi.cance of In uencing Factors 130
5.2 Optimization of Analytical Procedures 141
5.3 Global Optimization by Natural Design 145
6 Calibration in Analytical Chemistry 152
6.1 General Fundamentals of Calibration 153
6.2 Single Component Calibration 159
6.3 Multisignal Calibration 181
6.4 Multicomponent Calibration 184
6.5 Calibration by Artificial Neural Networks 194
7 Analytical Performance Characteristics 206
7.1 Reliability of Analytical Measurements 207
7.2 Sensitivity 214
7.3 Selectivity and Specificity 218
7.4 Robustness and Ruggedness 224
7.5 Limit Values 230
7.6 Resolving Power 238
8 Presentation, Interpretation and Validation of Analytical Results 246
8.1 Presentation of Analytical Results 246
8.2 Factual Interpretation of Analytical Results 248
8.3 Chemometrical Interpretation of Analytical Data 257
8.4 Analytical Images 279
9 Assessment of Analytical Information 294
9.1 Quanti.cation of Information 294
9.2 Information Content of Quantitative Analysis 297
9.3 Multicomponent Analysis 302
9.4 Process and Image Analysis 305
Glossary of Analytical Terms 312
Index 338