Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 200 (eBook)

Foreword 5
Preface 7
Contents 9
Illnesses Associated with Chloropicrin Use in California Agriculture, 1992–2003 10
1 Introduction 10
2 Chloropicrin: History and Essential Background 11
2.1 History 11
2.2 Registered Products 12
2.3 Physical and Chemical Properties 12
2.4 Legal Exposure Limits 12
3 Chloropicrin: Exposure and Effects 13
3.1 Volunteer Studies 13
3.2 Exposure Monitoring Studies 14
3.2.1 Worker Monitoring 14
3.2.2 Downwind Monitoring 15
3.2.3 Flux Measurements 16
4 Chloropicrin-Associated Illnesses in California Between 1992 and 2003 17
4.1 Illness Clusters and Priority Investigations Resulting from Chloropicrin Drift in California 19
4.1.1 1992 Merced County 20
4.1.2 1992 Ventura County 20
4.1.3 1992 San Diego County 22
4.1.4 1993 Tulare County 23
4.1.5 1995 Ventura County 23
4.1.6 1995 Monterey County 24
4.1.7 1998 Monterey County 24
4.1.8 1999 San Joaquin County 26
4.1.9 2000 Monterey County 26
4.1.10 2001 San Joaquin County (22-Sj-01, Index Case 2001–307) 29
4.1.11 2001 San Luis Obispo County 30
4.1.12 2002 San Luis Obispo Country 31
4.1.13 2003 San Joaquin County 32
4.1.14 2003 Kern County 33
4.2 Off-site Movement of Chloropicrin, Without Associated Complaints of Drift 35
5 Chloropicrin Incidents Outside of California 35
6 Management of Irritation from Chloropicrin Exposure 37
7 Summary 38
References 39