Flow and Combustion in Reciprocating Engines (eBook)

Introduction 6
Contents 9
Spark Ignition and Combustion in Four-Stroke Gasoline Engines 10
1.1 Introduction 10
1.2 Spark Ignition 11
1.3 Combustion in S.I. Engines 40
References 69
Flow, Mixture Preparation and Combustion in Direct- Injection Two- Stroke Gasoline Engines 76
2.1 Attractions and Challenges of Two-Stroke Engines 76
2.2 Optical Two-Stroke Research Engines 82
2.3 Scavenging Flow Measurements Using Laser Velocimetry 84
2.4 Liquid/Vapor Fuel Visualization Using Exciplex Fluorescence 95
2.5 Mixture Preparation and Combustion in a Realistic Optical Two- Stroke Engine 100
2.6 Summary and Conclusions 135
References 140
Flow, Mixture Preparation and Combustion in Four- Stroke Direct- Injection Gasoline Engines 146
3.1 Introduction 146
3.2 Significance and Limits of the Direct-Injection Gasoline Engine Technology 146
3.3 Technologies for Direct-Injection Gasoline Engines 148
3.4 General Features of Direct-Injection Gasoline Engines 152
3.5 Possibility for Further Reduction in NOx Emissions 157
3.6 Present and Future Prospects 161
3.7 Conclusions 177
References 177
Turbulent Flow Structure in Direct-Injection, Swirl- Supported Diesel Engines 181
4.1 Introduction 181
4.2 Theoretical Background 182
4.3 Review of the Recent Literature 193
4.4 Recent Progress 216
4.5 Model Assessment 247
4.6 Future Research Areas 257
References 259
Recent Developments on Diesel Fuel Jets Under Quiescent Conditions 265
5.1 Introduction 265
5.2 Penetration of Diesel Fuels Jets 266
5.3 Liquid-Phase Fuel Penetration 282
5.4 Flame Lift-Off 289
5.5 Implications for DI Diesel Fuel Jets Under Quiescent Conditions 305
Nomenclature 312
References 314
Conventional Diesel Combustion 317
6.1 Introduction 317
6.2 Spray Evaporation and Thermal Decomposition 320
6.3 Auto-ignition 323
6.4 Soot Formation and Oxidation in Transient Reacting Sprays 332
6.5 Effects of Flow and Turbulence on Combustion and Emissions 338
6.6 Combustion Control by EGR, High Pressure Charging and Multiple- Injection 350
Summary 356
References 357
Advanced Diesel Combustion 360
7.1 Introduction 360
7.2 Various Types of Advanced Diesel Combustion 361
7.3 Classification of Advanced Diesel Combustion 372
7.4 Fundamental Aspects of Diesel HCCI Combustion 373
7.5 Control of Combustion 378
7.6 Summary 384
References 385
Fuel Effects on Engine Combustion and Emissions 388
8.1 Historical Background 388
8.2 Fuel Chemistry 393
8.3 Engine Development Impacts 394
8.4 Fuel Specifications 395
8.5 Diesel Fuel Studies 403
8.6 Fundamental Considerations 410
8.7 Alternative Feedstocks and Fuels 415
References 426