Prokaryotic Symbionts in Plants (eBook)

Preface 6
Contents 8
Part I Rhizobia-Legume Symbioses 10
The Diversity and Evolution of Rhizobia 11
1 Introduction 12
2 The Structure of the Rhizobial Genome 19
3 Species Concept Applicable to Rhizobia 19
4 Rhizobia-legume Symbiosis 21
5 Diversity and Taxonomy of Rhizobia 26
6 Phylogenetic and Biogeographic Inferences Based on the Analysis of Rhizobial Core and Accessory Genes 33
7 Taxonomy and Phylogeny of Legumes 35
8 Evolution of Interaction Between Rhizobia and Their Legume Hosts 36
9 Conclusions 40
References 40
Erratum to The Diversity and Evolution of Rhizobia 50
Making Rhizobium-Infected Root Nodules 52
1 Introduction 52
2 The Species Involved 53
3 Making Nodules 55
4 Infection 57
5 Perspectives 69
References 70
Functional Genomics of Rhizobia 77
1 Introduction 77
2 Rhizobial Genomes 78
3 Transcriptome Studies 83
4 Proteome Studies 91
5 Metabolome Studies 95
6 Other High Throughput Approaches 96
7 Concluding Remarks and Future Perspectives 97
References 99
Part II Actinorhizal Symbioses 107
Evolution and Diversity of Frankia 108
1 Introduction 108
2 Taxonomy 109
3 Phylogeny 116
4 Evolution and Relation with Plants 118
5 Diversity (Link with Soil Factors, Geography of Host Plant) 122
6 Conclusion and Perspectives 124
References 125
Induction of Actinorhizal Nodules by Frankia 131
1 Introduction 131
2 How Frankia Enters the Plant 134
3 Nodule Structure 140
4 Symbiotic Signaling 143
5 Autoregulation of Nodule Number 146
6 Concluding Remarks and Future Perspectives 149
References 150
Physiology of Actinorhizal Nodules 159
1 Introduction 160
2 The Actinorhizal Nodule 162
3 Primary Metabolism in Non-Symbiotic Frankia 166
4 Nodule Primary Metabolism 167
5 Hydrogen Metabolism 174
6 The Oxygen Dilemma of N2 Fixation – How Actinorhizal Plants Deal with It 174
7 Future Prospects 175
References 176
Part III Cyanobacterial Symbioses 183
Physiological Adaptations in Nitrogen-fixing Nostoc–Plant Symbiotic Associations 184
1 Introduction 185
2 Specificity of the Associations 187
3 Physiological Adaptation in the Associations 189
4 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 201
References 203
Why Does Gunnera Do It and Other Angiosperms Don’t? An Evolutionary Perspective on the Gunnera–Nostoc Symbiosis 209
1 Introduction 210
2 The Symbiotic Background 210
3 The Symbiotic Basics 212
4 A More Significant Past? 213
5 Evolutionary Drivers 214
6 Host Factors 217
7 Cyanobiont Factors 220
8 Conclusions 221
References 223
Cyanobacteria in Symbiosis with Cycads 227
1 Introduction 228
2 Coralloid Roots 229
3 Establishment of the Symbiosis 229
4 Specificity and Diversity of the Symbiotic Cyanobacteria 231
5 Characteristics of the Symbiotic Cyanobacteria 232
References 234
Structural Characteristics of the Cyanobacterium–Azolla Symbioses 236
1 Introduction 237
2 Structural Characteristics of the Cyanobacterial–Azolla Symbiosis 238
3 Conclusions and Outlook 260
References 261
Relations Between Cyanobacterial Symbionts in Lichens and Plants 265
1 Introduction 265
3 Concluding Remarks 268
References 269
Part IV Diazotrophic Endophytes 271
Diazotrophic Bacterial Endophytes in Gramineae and Other Plants 272
1 Endophytic Bacteria – General Definitions and Methods of Isolation, Characterization and Localization 273
2 Endophytic Bacteria as Biological Control and Plant Growth Promotion Agents 274
3 Diazotrophic Bacterial Endophytes 275
4 Conclusions and Outlook 290
References 291
Subject Index 302