Visualizing Immunity (eBook)

Preface 6
Contents 8
Contributors 10
Two-Photon Imaging of the Immune System: A Custom Technology Platform for High-Speed, Multicolor Tissue Imaging of Immune Responses 14
1 Introduction 15
2 Description of Custom Two-Photon Instrumentation 24
3 Representative Data 34
4 Future Perspectives 36
References 39
Visualizing Intermolecular Interactions in T Cells 43
1 Introduction 44
2 Molecular Recruitment to the Immunological Synapse 45
3 Molecular Interactions in the Immunological Synapse 49
4 Variability in the Form of the T Cell:APC Interface 53
5 Concluding Remarks 55
References 55
Multiscale Analysis of T Cell Activation: Correlating In Vitro and In Vivo analysis of the Immunological Synapse 59
1 Introduction 60
2 Parameters in T Cell Activation 61
3 Immunological Synapses 66
4 Coordination of Antigen Recognition and Migration 71
5 Conclusions 76
References 77
T Cell Migration Dynamics Within Lymph Nodes During Steady State: An Overview of Extracellular and Intracellular Factors Influencing the Basal Intranodal T Cell Motility 83
1 Introduction 85
2 Extracellular Factors Influencing the Intranodal Migration Behavior of T Lymphocytes 88
3 Intracellular Factors Contributing to Intranodal T Cell Motility 101
4 Computational Simulation of T Cell Migration and Interaction Dynamics: The In Silico Lymph Node Model 106
5 Conclusion 110
References 112
Chemoattractant Receptor Signaling and Its Role in Lymphocyte Motility and Trafficking 118
1 Introduction 119
2 Major Chemoattractant Receptors that Function in Lymph Node Homing, Motility, and Egress 119
3 Major Mediators of Chemoattractant Receptor Signaling 121
4 Imaging Lymphocyte Trafficking and Motility 124
5 Conclusions 134
References 135
New Insights Into Leukocyte Recruitment by Intravital Microscopy 139
1 Introduction 140
2 Advantages and Disadvantages of IVM 141
3 Capturing 142
4 Rolling 145
5 Arrest 147
6 Postadhesion Events 149
7 Transmigration 150
8 Organ Specific Recruitment 152
9 Perspectives 153
References 154
Visualizing the Molecular and Cellular Events Underlying the Initiation of B-Cell Activation 163
1 Introduction 164
2 Tools for Visualizing B Cell Activation Events 165
3 Visualizing Molecular Events During the Initiation of B Cell Activation 168
4 Visualizing Intercellular Events During the Initiation of B Cell Activation In Vivo 174
5 Conclusions 181
References 182
Tracking the Dynamics of Salmonella Specific T Cell Responses 188
1 Introduction 189
2 Studying Immunity to Salmonella 189
3 Visualizing Salmonella In Vivo 191
4 Adaptive Immunity in the Murine Typhoid Model 191
5 Tracking Antigen-Specific Responses in Salmonella Infection 193
6 Development and Function of Th1 Cells During Salmonella Infection 199
7 Conclusion 201
References 201
Imaging Listeria monocytogenes Infection In Vivo 208
1 Introduction 209
2 Listeria Infection in Mice as a Model of Host Pathogen Interactions 210
3 Innate Immune Responses to Listeria 210
4 Adaptive Immunity to Listeria 211
5 In Vivo Bioluminescence Imaging Studies of Listeria Infection 212
6 In Vivo Fluorescence Imaging Techniques 214
7 Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy 217
8 Application of CLSM in Studying Listeria Pathogenesis 218
9 Introduction to Two-Photon Microscopy 218
10 2P Microscope Design 220
11 Live Tissue Imaging and In Vivo Cell Dynamics 222
12 2P Imaging Data Analysis 223
13 2P Microscopy of Listeria Infection 224
14 Using 2P Microscopy to Assess the Presentation of Bacterial Antigen In Situ 225
15 Single-Cell Tracking of MZ Macrophages and PALS DCs 226
16 2P Microscopy can Detect Individual Bacteria in Infected Host Cells 227
17 Future Directions 229
References 229
Inflammation on the Mind: Visualizing Immunity in the Central Nervous System 236
1 Introduction 237
2 Static Imagery: Lessons Learned from Nondynamic Imaging Approaches 238
3 Noninvasive Imaging: MRI, mPET, and Bioluminescence 248
4 Dynamic Imaging by Two-Photon Laser Scanning Microscopy 250
5 Concluding Remarks 262
References 262
Multiphoton Imaging of Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte-Mediated Antitumor Immune Responses 273
1 Introduction 274
2 CTL Priming During Antitumor Immune Responses 275
3 Migration and Tumor Infiltration by CTLs 279
4 Tumor Rejection and Tumor Cell Killing by CTLs 285
5 Regulatory T Cells Control Tumor Rejection by CTLs 289
6 Conclusion 290
References 291
Index 296