Mechanics of Wind-blown Sand Movements (eBook)

Foreword 5
Preface 8
Contents 12
S 16
Chapter 1 Wind-Blown Sand Environment 20
1.1 Desert and Desertification 20
1.2 Harms of Wind-Blown Sand Environment 25
1.3 Examples: Dunhuang, Minqin, Maqu 31
Chapter 2 Flows of the Near-Surface Boundary Layer 37
2.1 An Introduction to Fluid Mechanics 37
2.2 Basic Equations of Fluid Mechanics 40
2.3 Basic Characteristics of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer 46
2.4 Observations of the Atmosphere Boundary Layer 50
2.5 Basic Equations of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer 56
2.6 Wind Gusts near the Earth’s Surface 64
Chapter 3 Sand Motion near the Sand Bed Surface 79
3.1 Threshold Wind Velocity for Sand Motion 80
3.2 Experimental Research on the Lift-off of Sand Particles 85
3.3 Stochastic Model of Particle-Bed Collision 94
3.4 Probability Distribution of Lift-off Velocities 104
3.5 Splash Function 112
Chapter 4 Wind-Blown Sand Electrification 122
4.1 Charged Sand Particles and their Charging Mechanisms 123
4.2 Measurements of Wind-Blown Sand Electric Field 128
4.3 Theoretical Calculation of Wind-Blown Sand Electric Field 137
4.4 Effects of Charged Sand Particles 143
Chapter 5 Wind-Blown Sand Flux and its Prediction 149
5.1 Forces on Saltating Sand Particles 150
5.2 Sand Saltation 155
5.3 Experiments and Observations on Sand Transport Rate 171
5.4 Theoretical Simulations on the Evolution of Wind- Blown Sand Flux 176
5.5 Dust Devil 187
Chapter 6 Aeolian Geomorphology and its Simulation–Aeolian Sand Ripples 197
6.1 Observations of Aeolian Sand Ripples 199
6.2 Continuous Models for Aeolian Sand Ripples 205
6.3 Discrete Models for Aeolian Sand Ripples 212
6. 4. Discrete Particle Tracing Method (DPTM) Model 221
Chapter 7 Aeolian Geomorphology and its Simulation – Aeolian Sand Dunes 234
7.1 Aeolian Sand Dunes and Observation Results 235
7.2 Continuum Sand Dune Model 247
7.3 Simulation of Sand Dune Field 250
7.4 Numerical Simulation of Sand Dune Field 253
Chapter 8 Mechanical Analysis on the Efficiency of Sand Prevention Methods 275
8.1 Sand Fence 276
8.2 Straw Checkerboard Barriers 282
8.3 The Mechanical Properties of Crust 286
References 300
Author Index 314
Subject Index 318