Traffic and Granular Flow ' 07 (eBook)

Preface 5
Avant-Propos 7
Contents 9
Part I Traffic 17
Modelling of Traffic Flow from an Engineer’s Perspective 18
Cellular Automaton Approach to Highway Traffic: What do we Know? 33
Replications in Stochastic Traffic Flow Models: Incremental Method to Determine Sufficient Number of Runs 49
Capacity and Capacity Drop of a Revolving Door 59
Risk Index Modeling for Real-Time Motorway Traffic Crash Prediction 69
Colliding Particles: Beyond Accident-Free Car Following Models 79
Dynamic First-Order Modeling of Phase- Transition Probabilities 99
Traffic Dynamics on a Rotary 107
Effect of Adaptive Cruise Control Vehicles on Phase Transition in a Mixture with Manual Vehicles 118
Calibration of Car-Following Models Using Floating Car Data 129
A Queueing Theory Approach for a Multi- Speed Exclusion Process 140
A Stochastic Macroscopic Traffic Model Devoid of Diffusion 150
A Multiclass Car-Following Rule Based on the LWR Model 162
A Cross Entropy Based Multi-Agent Approach to Traffic Assignment Problems 172
Handling of Contacts in Crowd Motion Simulations 182
Optimal Velocity Model Via Considering Multi- Velocity Difference Ahead 192
Empirical Data for Pedestrian Flow Through Bottlenecks 200
Modeling Synchronized Flow at Highway Bottlenecks 211
Modeling Lane-Changing Decisions with MOBIL 221
Kinetic Derivation for a Traffic Flow Model 232
Qualitative Change of Car-Following Behavior Observed in Real Traffic 241
Phase Transition Induced by Homogeneous Initial Distribution of Cars 252
Similarity Between Temporal and Spatial Structures in Pattern Formation of Dissipative Non- Equilibrium System 259
Pattern Formation in Traffic Microscopic Model 265
Stability of Flow on a Ring with Three Links 271
Improving Pedestrian Micro-Simulations with Event Steps 279
Road Traffic Models Using Petri Nets and Minplus Algebra 287
Vehicular Traffic Flow at a Non-Signalised Intersection 293
Traffic Anticipation Effect in the Lattice Hydrodynamic Model 299
Is the Nearest Neighbor Distribution Enough to Describe the Statistical Behavior of a Domain System? 306
Statistical Properties of Disordered Driven Lattice Gases with Open Boundaries 312
Control of Traffic Congestion in the Modified Coupled Map Car- Following Model Based on Intelligent Transportation System 319
Generic Driving Behavior Modeling by Differential Game Theory 325
A Model for City Traffic 336
Traffic Behaviors of Mixed Bicycle System in the Multi- Value Cellular Automata Model 342
Empirical Differences Between Time Mean Speed and Space Mean Speed 354
Anisotropy and Stabilization of Traffic Flow in Extended Cooperative Driving Lattice Hydrodynamic Models Based on Backward- Looking Effect 360
Complex Fundamental Diagram of Traffic Flow in the Deep Lefortovo Tunnel ( Moscow) 367
Three-Frame Algorithm of Car Path Reconstruction from Airborne Traffic Data 374
Vehicular Motion and Traffic Breakdown: Evaluation of Energy Balance 381
Detailed Data of Traffic Jam Experiment 388
Prediction Accuracy of Evacuation Times for High- Rise Buildings and Simple Geometries by Using Different Software- Tools 394
Statistical Approach to Traffic Flow 400
A Public Conveyance Model and Analysis on Clustering of Vehicles 406
Modelling and Simulating Several Time-Delay Mechanisms in Human and Automated Driving 412
Multi-Class First Order Traffic Flow Modeling 419
Dynamics and Thermodynamics of Traffic Flow 425
Phase Transitions and Even/Odd Effects in Asymmetric Exclusion Models 432
Simulation and Mean Field Analysis on Pedestrian Dynamics Around an Exit 438
A Density-Dependent NaSch Model for Traffic Flow Controlled by a Traffic Light 444
Part II Granular Matter 450
Large-Scale Collective Behavior of Swimming Microorganisms at High Concentrations 451
Flow and Jamming of Granular Matter Through an Orifice 467
A Fluctuating Energy Model for Dense Granular Flows 483
Influence of Particle Shape on Shear Stress in Granular Media 493
Motion of an Intruder Through a Two Dimensional Disordered Granular Medium 502
Silo Collapse: An Experimental Study 512
Rough Cylindrical Object Immersed in a Granular Stream of Hard Disks 519
Stability and Jamming Transition in Hard Granular Materials: Algebraic Graph Theory 528
Vertical Granular Transport in a Vibrated U- Tube 538
Dynamics of Dissipative System with Asymmetric Interaction and N-Body Problemfor the Emergence of Moving Cluster 548
Leidenfrost Granular Flows 557
Granular Rayleigh-Taylor Instability 569
Morphology of Polydisperse Granular Media 579
Kinetic Energy Fluctuations and Diffusivity in a 2D Vibrated Granular Packing 589
Modelling and Simulation of a Maze-Forming Process in Granular- Fluid Systems 595
Description of Wire-Reinforced Geomaterials by Numerical Discrete Experiments 601
Granular Flow Under the Action of Centrifugal Force: A Critical Dynamic Friction Coefficient 607
Interfacial Instability of a Confined Suspension Under Oscillating Shear 613
Pattern Formation in Slowly Drained Granular- Fluid Systems 620
Emerging Stripe Patterns in Drying Suspension Droplets 626
Behaviour of Railway Ballast Under Cycling Loading 631
Penetration of a Projectile by Impact into a Granular Medium 637
Rheological Transition in Granular Media 643
Stress Transmission in a Multi-Phase Granular Packing 649
Part III Molecular Motors and Motion in Biology 655
Non-Equilibrium Collective Transport on Molecular Highways 656
Traffic of Molecular Motors: From Theory to Experiments 667
Numerical Investigations on Coupling of Asymmetric Exclusion Process with Zero Range Process 677
Traffic by Small Teams of Molecular Motors 683
Traffic Flow on Ant Trails: Empirical Results vs. Theoretical Predictions 689
Part IV Networks 695
Modeling Metropolis Public Transport 696
Attack Vulnerability of Public Transport Networks 707
Traffic Dynamics Based on Local Routing Strategy in a Weighted Scale- Free Network 718
Performance Evaluation of VANET Under Realistic Vehicular Traffic Assumption 724
Packet Flow and its Temporal Properties in the Internet 730
List of Contributors 736