Current Developments in Bioerosion (eBook)

Foreword 5
Editors preface 11
Contents 13
The endolithic guild: an ecological framework for residential cavities in hard substrates 18
Introduction 19
Endolithic fossils for evolutionary paleoecology 20
The guild concept 23
Primary observations on the endolithic guild 27
Conclusions 30
Acknowledgements 30
References 31
Evolutionary implications of an exceptionally preserved Carboniferous microboring assemblage in the Buckhorn Asphalt lagerstätte ( Oklahoma, USA) 36
Introduction 37
Material and methods 41
Results 42
Discussion 59
Conclusions 63
Acknowledgements 64
References 64
Appendix – Systematic ichnology 68
Enigmatic organisms preserved in early Ordovician macroborings, western Utah, USA 70
Introduction 70
Geological setting 72
Description of body fossils within borings 72
Discussion 74
Conclusions 77
Acknowledgments 77
References 78
The boring microflora in modern coral reef ecosystems: a review of its roles 82
Introduction 82
Diversity of the boring 84
Process of penetration into substrates 87
Distribution of the boring 89
Boring 91
sedimentation 91
Boring 95
primary producers? 95
Interactions between euendoliths and their live hosts 99
Conclusions 101
Acknowledgements 102
References 102
The trace Rhopalia clavigera isp. n. reflects the development of its maker Eugomontia sacculata Kornmann, 1960 110
Introduction 110
Materials and methods 111
Results 112
Systematic ichnology 116
Discussion 118
Acknowledgments 121
References 122
Colonisation and bioerosion of marine bivalve shells from the Baltic Sea by euendolithic cyanobacteria: an experimental study 124
Introduction 124
Materials and methods 126
Results and discussion 128
Acknowledgements 134
References 135
The medium is the message: imaging a complex microboring (Pyrodendrina cupra igen. n., isp. n.) from the early Paleozoic of Anticosti Island, Canada 138
Introduction 138
Materials and methods 141
Systematic Ichnology 143
Comments on visualization methodologies 153
Conclusions 155
Acknowledgments 156
References 156
Micro-computed tomography for studies on Entobia: transparent substrate versus modern technology 162
Introduction 163
Material and methods 164
Results 167
Discussion 174
Acknowledgements 176
References 177
A history of sponge erosion: from past myths and hypotheses to recent approaches 180
Introduction 181
Material and methods 181
Literature review 184
Present results 202
Discussion of present results: the mystery continues 207
Acknowledgements 209
References 210
Substratum microtexture affects the boring pattern of Cliona albimarginata (Clionaidae, Demospongiae) 218
Introduction 218
Materials and methods 219
Results 220
Discussion 223
Acknowledgements 225
References 225
Two new dwarf Entobia ichnospecies in a diverse aphotic ichnocoenosis (Pleistocene / Rhodes, Greece) 228
Introduction 229
Materials and methods 229
Results 230
Systematic ichnology 234
Discussion 242
Acknowledgements 245
References 246
Borings, bodies and ghosts: spicules of the endolithic sponge Aka akis sp. nov. within the boring Entobia cretacea, Cretaceous, England 250
Introduction 251
Spicule preservation 251
Material and methods 251
Results and discussion 254
Systematics 260
Conclusions 261
Acknowledgements 261
References 261
Role of polychaetes in bioerosion of coral substrates 264
Introduction 264
Study techniques 266
Bioeroders 266
Discussion and future areas of research 274
Acknowledgements 275
References 275
Parapholas quadrizonata (Spengler, 1792), dominating dead-coral boring bivalve from the Maldives, Indian Ocean 280
Introduction 280
Methods 282
Results 282
Discussion 289
Conclusions 291
Acknowledgements 291
References 292
Echinometrid sea urchins, their trophic styles and corresponding bioerosion 294
Introduction 295
Own observations 301
Conclusions 314
Acknowledgements 315
References 315
Boring a mobile domicile: an alternative to the conchicolous life habit 322
Introduction 322
Material and methods 324
Results 326
Discussion 334
Conclusions 338
Acknowledgements 339
References 339
Biogeographical distribution of Hyrrokkin (Rosalinidae, Foraminifera) and its host-specific morphological and textural trace variability 344
Introduction 345
Materials and methods 347
Results 349
Systematic ichnology 356
Discussion 367
Conclusions 370
Acknowledgements 371
References 371
Appendix - SEM sample details 374
Endolithic sponge versus terebratulid brachiopod, Pleistocene, Italy: accidental symbiosis, bioclaustration and deformity 376
Introduction 376
Methodology 377
A malignant growth containing a sponge boring 377
Discussion 380
Conclusions 381
Acknowledgements 382
References 382
Micro-bioerosion in volcanic glass: extending the ichnofossil record to Archaean basaltic crust 386
Historical perspective on bioerosion in volcanic glass 387
Evidence for the bioerosion of volcanic glass 388
Microbiological constraints 390
Ichnofossils in volcanic glass 392
How microorganisms bioerode volcanic glass 394
Lithological and environmental controls on the distribution of ichnofabrics in volcanic glass 396
Geological record of ichnofabrics in ophiolites 398
Candidate ichnofossils in Archaean meta-volcanic glass and the evolution of life 399
Summary 401
Acknowledgements 402
References 402
Appendix – Systematic ichnology 407
Microbial bioerosion of bone – a review 412
Introduction 412
Detecting and quantifying microbial alteration 414
Bioerosion as an indicator for early post mortem history 423
Consequences for bone preservation 424
Conclusions 425
Acknowledgements 425
References 425
Xylic substrates at the fossilisation barrier: oak trunks (Quercus sp.) in the Holocene sediments of the Labe River, Czech Republic 430
Introduction 430
Location and geologic settings 432
Previous study of wood from the Labe sediments 435
Modern Labe River 435
Bioerosive traces – description and interpretation 436
Bioerosive traces – succession 440
Discussion and conclusions 441
Acknowledgements 443
References 443
Trace fossil assemblages on Miocene rocky shores of southern Iberia 446
Introduction 446
Geographical setting and methodology 448
Description of the locations of the Miocene rocky shores 448
Results 456
Discussion 457
Conclusions 461
Acknowledgements 462
References 462
Role of bioerosion in taphonomy: effect of predatory drillholes on preservation of mollusc shells 466
Introduction 467
Materials and methods 470
Results 472
Discussion and conclusions 478
Acknowledgments 481
References 482
An online bibliography of bioerosion references 488
Introduction 488
Construction of the bioerosion bibliography 489
Review of other bioerosion-related bibliographies 490
The bibliography as a reflection of the bioerosion community 490
Statistics gathered from the bioerosion bibliography 490
The advantages of an online bibliography 492
The disadvantages of an online bibliography 492
The future of the online bioerosion bibliography 492
Acknowledgements 492
References 493
Index 494