Plant Microtubules (eBook)

Contents 13
Part A Microtubules and Morphogenesis 14
Control of Cell Axis 15
1 Cell Axis and Plant Development 15
2 Control of Cell Division 19
3 Control of Cell Expansion 27
4 Signal-Triggered Reorientation of Microtubules 35
5 How Do Microtubules Change Direction? 39
6 Mechanisms for the Control of Cell Axis 45
Crossed-Wires: Interactions and Cross-Talk Between theMicrotubule andMicrofilament Networks in Plants 59
1 Microfilament Organization, Function, and Colocalization with Microtubules 60
2 Evidence for Microtubule–Microfilament Cross-Talk 65
3 Proteins That Might Mediate Direct Microtubule–Microfilament Interactions 70
4 Microtubules and Microfilament-Based Cytoplasmic Streaming 76
5 Rop-Based Signalling to Both Microtubules and Microfilaments 79
6 Conclusions 82
Part B Microtubules and Environment 92
Microtubules and the Control ofWood Formation 93
1 Significance of Cell-wall Texture for Wood Quality 93
2 Cellular Mechanisms of Wood Formation 94
3 The Interaction of Cortical Microtubules and Cellulose Microfibrils in the Primary Wall 98
4 The Interaction of Cortical Microtubules and Cellulose Microfibrils in the Secondary Wall 104
5 The Influence of Cortical Microtubules on Heterogeneous Cell Wall Structure 112
6 Potential Approaches to the Control of Cell-wall Texture 118
Microtubules and Pathogen Defence 130
1 Dynamic Reorganization of the Cytoskeleton During Pathogen Attack 130
2 Possible Roles of the Cytoskeleton in Pathogen Defence 132
3 The Cytoskeleton as a Possible Target of Pathogenicity and Symbiosis 138
4 Prospects – Potential of the Cytoskeleton for Molecular Breeding of Pathogen-Resistant Plants 141
Microtubules and Viral Movement 150
1 Introduction 150
2 Studies to Localize the MP in Infected Cells 151
3 Role of MT in Other RNA and Viral Transport Systems 169
4 Concluding Remarks 171
Microtubules as Sensors for Abiotic Stimuli 183
1 Microtubules as Sensors: Physiological Mechanisms 183
2 Microtubules as Sensors: Molecular Mechanisms 186
3 Plant Microtubules as Mechanosensors 189
4 Plant Microtubules as Gravisensors 192
5 Microtubules as Thermometers 197
6 Outlook 202
Part C Microtubules and Evolution 212
Plant Tubulin Genes: Regulatory and Evolutionary Aspects 213
1 All Aboard – Tubulin Genes at the Nuclear Station 213
2 Next: Post-Transcriptional and Post-Translational Check Points 218
3 Tubulin Isotypes and Stochiometry 221
4 Microtubule Construction: MAPs and Deviant Tubulins 226
5 Concluding Remarks: Novel Approaches and Open Questions 230
Microtubules and the Evolution of Mitosis 239
1 The Cytoskeleton as Target of Evolution 240
2 The Starting Point – Prokaryotic Mitosis 243
3 Mitosis in Lower Eukaryotes 246
4 Milestones Towards Acentriolar Plant Mitosis 255
5 Evolutionary Footprints 1: Division of Plastids and Mitochondria 262
6 Evolutionary Footprints 2: The Plant Nucleus Revisited 264
Subject Index 273