Power Electronics in Smart Electrical Energy Networks (eBook)

Ryszard Strzelecki is a Full Professor and Head of the Power Electronics Group at Gdynia Maritime University, Poland. Dr Grzegorz Benysek is an Assistant Professor in the Institute of Electrical Engineering at the University of Zielona Góra, Poland.

Preface 6
Contents 10
List of Contributors 15
1 Introduction 17
1.1 Structure and Fundamental Problems of Electrical Power Systems 17
1.2 Power Flow Control, Distributed Generation and Energy Storage Benefits to Grids 20
1.3 Smart Electrical Energy Networks Concept 24
References 25
2 Principles of Electrical Power Control 28
2.1 Power Theory 28
2.2 General Problems and Solutions of Control in Smart Power Systems 46
References 61
3 Overview of Power Electronics Converters and Controls 69
3.1 Power Electronics Background 69
3.2 High Technology of Converters 80
3.3 Multi-level Converters 91
3.4 Z-source Converters 102
3.5 Summary 111
References 112
4 Quality Problems in Smart Networks 120
4.1 Power Quality and EMC 120
4.2 Power Quality Issues 123
4.3 Power Quality Monitoring 133
4.4 Legal and Organizational Regulations 136
4.5 Mitigation Methods 137
4.6 EMC Related Phenomena in Smart Electrical Power Systems 138
References 157
5 EMC Cases in Distributed Electrical Power System 160
5.1 Four-quadrant Frequency Converter 160
5.2 Adjustable Speed Drives 171
5.3 Multi-level Inverters 176
References 185
6 High Frequency AC Power Distribution Platforms 187
6.1 Introduction 187
6.2 High Frequency in Space Applications 188
6.3 High Frequency in Telecommunications 193
6.4 High Frequency in Computer and Commercial Electronics Systems 198
6.5 High Frequency in Automotive and Motor Drives 202
6.6 High Frequency in Microgrids 207
6.7 Future Prospects 209
Acknowledgement 211
References 212
7 Integration of Distributed Generation with Electrical Power System 214
7.1 Distributed Generation Past and Future 214
7.2 Interconnection with a Hosting Grid – Parallel Operation 218
7.3 Integration and Interconnection Concerns 222
7.4 Power Injection Principle 225
7.5 Power Injection Using Static Compensators 227
7.6 Power Injection Using Advanced Static Devices 231
7.7 Distributed Generation Contribution to Power Quality Problems 233
7.8 DG Current Challenges 235
References 237
8 Active Power Quality Controllers 240
8.1 Dynamic Static Synchronous Compensator 240
8.2 Other Shunt Controllers Based on D-STATCOM 249
8.3 Dynamic Static Synchronous Series Compensators 254
8.4 Dynamic Voltage Restorer 261
8.5 AC/AC Voltage Regulators 269
References 274
9 Energy Storage Systems 279
9.1 Introduction 279
9.2 The Structure of Power Storage Devices 281
9.3 Pumped-storage Hydroelectricity 282
9.4 Compressed Air Energy Storage System 288
9.5 Flywheels 292
9.6 Battery Storage 297
9.7 Hydrogen Storage 301
9.8 Superconducting Magnet Energy Storage 305
9.9 Supercapacitors 307
9.10 Application of Energy Storage Devices 309
References 311
10 Variable and Adjustable Speed Generation Systems 313
10.1 Introduction 313
10.2 Electrical Power Systems 321
10.3 Prime Movers and the Control System 331
References 334
11 Grid Integration of Wind Energy Systems 336
11.1 Introduction 336
11.2 System Overview 336
11.3 Wind Energy Converters 339
11.4 Grid Integration 348
11.5 Power Quality on WECs 361
11.6 Offshore Wind Energy 376
11.7 Future Requirements and Developments 378
11.8 Economics and Reimbursement 380
References 381
12 Grid Integration of Photovoltaics and Fuel Cells 384
12.1 Introduction 384
12.2 Photovoltaic Power Plants 384
12.3 Fuel Cell Power Plants 401
References 415
Index 417