M-Health (eBook)

Dedication 7
Contributors 8
Preface 21
Contents 23
I. INTRODUCTION TO MOBILE M-HEALTH SYSTEMS 29
UBIQUITOUS M-HEALTH SYSTEMS AND THE CONVERGENCE TOWARDS 4G MOBILE TECHNOLOGIES 30
1. INTRODUCTION 30
2. AN OVERVIEW OF CURRENT AND EMERGING M-HEALTH SYSTEMS 31
3. AN ADVANCED APPLICATION OF A 3G M-HEALTH SYSTEM 35
4. A BRIEF OVERVIEW OF THE INTRODUCTION TO THE MOBILE M-HEALTH SYSTEMS SECTION 40
5. CONCLUSIONS 40
6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 41
7. REFERENCES 41
THE EFFICACY OF THE M-HEALTH PARADIGM: INCORPORATING TECHNOLOGICAL, ORGANISATIONAL AND MANAGERIAL PERSPECTIVES 42
1. THE ROLE OF TECHNOLOGY IN TELEHEALTH 42
2. THE HEALTHCARE SECTOR 43
3. M-HEALTH : THE TECHNOLOGY FOR HEALTHCARE DELIVERY IN THE FUTURE 45
4. TELEMEDICINE AND M-HEALTH : ORIGINS AND SCOPE 45
5. THE INTERNET AND M-HEALTH 47
6. FINANCIAL ESTIMATES FOR M-HEALTH 49
7. WORLDWIDE APPLICATIONS OF M-HEALTH 49
8. IMPORTANT INNOVATIONS THAT HOLD GREAT POTENTIAL TO BE REVOLUTIONARY CHANGE CATALYSTS FOR THE HEALTHCARE SECTOR 51
9. DISCUSSION 52
10. THE NEED FOR A KM FRAMEWORK FOR M-HEALTH 55
11. CONCLUSIONS 56
12. REFERENCES 57
WIRELESS INTELLIGENT SENSORS 60
1. INTRODUCTION 60
2. WIRELESS PATIENT MONITORING 61
3. WIRELESS INTELLIGENT MONITORS 62
4. WIRELESS NETWORK OF INTELLIGENT SENSORS (WISE) 70
5. FUTURE TRENDS 72
6. CONCLUSIONS 73
7. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 73
8. REFERENCES 74
WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES FOR HEALTHCARE APPLICATIONS 77
1. INTRODUCTION 77
2. WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES 78
3. OPTICAL TECHNOLOGIES 79
4. EM TECHNOLOGIES 80
5. DISCUSSION 87
6. REFERENCES 88
WIRELESS COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MOBILE HEALTHCARE APPLICATIONS: EXPERIENCES AND EVALUATION OF SECURITY RELATED ISSUES 90
1. INTRODUCTION 90
2. MOBILE HEALTH SERVICES IN HYGEIANET 91
3. NEED FOR A TRUSTED COMPUTER BASE 93
4. OVERVIEW OF WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY 94
5. WIRELESS COMMUNICATION STANDARDS 95
6. SECURITY PROBLEMS AND THREATS IN WIRELESS NETWORKS 97
7. SECURITY RELEVANT CONCEPTS OF SAFETY 102
8. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS 103
9. REFERENCES 104
SECURE MOBILE HEALTH SYSTEMS: PRINCIPLES AND SOLUTIONS 106
1. INTRODUCTION 106
2. POTENTIAL VULNERABILITIES IN HEALTHCARE SYSTEMS 107
3. MULTILAYERED SECURITY INFRASTRUCTURE IN HEALTHCARE SYSTEMS 110
4. PUBLIC KEY INFRASTRUCTURE (PKI) SYSTEMS 114
5. SMART CARDS AND HARDWARE SECURITY MODULES 120
6. HEALTHCARE SECURITY MECHANISMS 122
7. HIPAA REQUIREMENTS FOR TECHNICAL SECURITY, SERVICES AND MECHANISMS 125
8. MOBILE HEALTHCARE SECURITY SYSTEMS 126
9. CONCLUSIONS 130
10. REFERENCES 131
COMPUTATIONAL AND WIRELESS MODELING FOR COLLABORATIVE VIRTUAL MEDICAL TEAMS 132
1. INTRODUCTION 132
2. REQUIREMENTS OF SOFTWARE MODELS FOR MOBILE WIRELESS COMPUTING 134
3. SOFTWARE MODELS FOR MOBILE COMPUTING 139
4. COLLABORATION CONCEPTS FOR MEDICAL VIRTUAL TEAMS 145
5. THE COMPUTATIONAL MODEL FOR WIRELESS VIRTUAL MEDICAL TEAMS 150
6. CONCLUSIONS 151
7. REFERENCES 152
II. SMART MOBILE APPLICATIONS FOR HEALTH PROFESSIONALS 155
SECTION OVERVIEW 156
THE MEMO PROJECT – AN ACCOMPANYING MEASURE FOR MEDICAL MOBILE DEVICES 159
1. INTRODUCTION 159
2. INTRODUCTION 160
3. CURRENT STATUS 161
4 CONCLUSIONS OF THE MEMO PROJECT 163
5. ASSOCIATED PROJECTS 164
MEDICAL NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING ENHANCING DRUG ORDERING AND CODING 168
1. INTRODUCTION 168
2. ONTOLOGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS 169
3. STATE OF THE ART IN MEDICAL ONTOLOGIES 177
4. NLU APPLICATIONS FOR MEDICAL MOBILE DEVICES 179
5. REFERENCES 181
MOBI-DEV: MOBILE DEVICES FOR HEALTHCARE APPLICATIONS 183
1. INTRODUCTION 183
2. MOBILE - HANDHELD SYSTEMS: STATE OF THE ART 185
3. MOBI-DEV’S APPROACH TO M-HEALTH 187
4. OVERVIEW OF THE MOBI-DEV SYSTEM 188
5. VALIDATION METHODOLOGY 192
6. OPEN PROBLEMS AND REMAINING BARRIERS 194
7. CONCLUSIONS 195
8. REFERENCES 195
WARDINHAND 196
1. INTRODUCTION 196
2. THE OBJECTIVES AND THE APPROACH 196
3. REFERENCES 204
DOCMEM – MOBILE ACCESS TO ELECTRONIC HEALTH RECORDS 205
1. INTRODUCTION 205
2. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES 205
3. MOBILE HEALTH APPLICATIONS 207
4. CLINICAL / MEDICAL VALIDATION - IMPLEMENTATION 210
5. REFERENCES 212
SMARTIE: SMART MEDICAL APPLICATIONS REPOSITORY OF TOOLS FOR INFORMED EXPERT DECISION 213
1. INTRODUCTION 213
2. METHODS 214
3. VARIFICATION & VALIDATION STRATEGY
4. DISCUSSION 217
5. SUMMARY 219
6. REFERENCES 219
TELEMEDICINE AS A NEW POSSIBILITY TO IMPROVE HEALTH CARE DELIVERY 221
1. INTRODUCTION 221
2. MOBILE COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES 221
3. PATIENT-FOCUSED HEALTH-CARE 222
4. THE MOEBIUS PROJECT 223
5. THE TECHNICAL SOLUTION OF MOEBIUS, INTRODUCTION AND DEFINITIONS 223
Part I: BASICS OF TELEMEDICINE 221
1. INTRODUCTION 221
2. MOBILE COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES 221
3. PATIENT-FOCUSED HEALTH-CARE 222
4. THE MOEBIUS PROJECT 223
Part II: OBESITY TREATMENT BY TELEMEDICINE – THE MOEBIUS OBESITY TRIAL 226
1. OBESITY AS A HEALTH CARE PROBLEM 226
2. DEFINITION OF OBESITY 227
3. THERAPY 228
4. METHODS 229
5. RESULTS 230
6. DISCUSSION 231
7. REFERENCES 236
MOBIHEALTH: MOBILE HEALTH SERVICES BASED ON BODY AREA NETWORKS 237
1. INTRODUCTION 237
2. THE MOBIHEALTH TECHNOLOGY 238
3. VALIDATION OF THE MOBIHEALTH APPROACH: TRIALS AND EVALUATION 248
4. FUTURE CHALLENGES AND RESEARCH ISSUES RAISED 250
5. CONCLUSIONS 251
6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 253
7. REFERENCES 253
MOBIHEALTH: MOBILE SERVICES FOR HEALTH PROFESSIONALS 255
1. INTRODUCTION 255
2. THE MOBIHEALTH SYSTEM 256
3. PROFESSIONAL USE OF THE MOBIHEALTH SYSTEM 258
4. FUTURE CHALLENGES 262
5. CONCLUSIONS 263
6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 263
7. REFERENCES 263
DITIS: A COLLABORATIVE VIRTUAL MEDICAL TEAM FOR HOME HEALTHCARE OF CANCER PATIENTS 265
1. INTRODUCTION 265
2. JUSTIFICATION OF NEEDS AND AIMS OF DITIS 266
3. IDENTIFICATION OF THE HEALTHCARE TEAM, THEIR ROLES AND COLLABORATION SCENARIOS 271
4. SYSTEM DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION 275
5. EXPERIENCE, EVALUATION AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS 279
6. CONCLUSIONS 282
7. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 283
8. REFERENCES 283
FUTURE CHALLENGES AND RECOMMENDATIONS 285
III. SIGNAL, IMAGE, AND VIDEO COMPRESSION FOR M-HEALTH APPLICATIONS 289
SECTION OVERVIEW 290
BIOSIGNALS AND COMPRESSION STANDARDS 293
1. INTRODUCTION 293
2. BIOSIGNALS: CATEGORIZATION AND CHARACTERISTICS 294
3. COMPRESSION TYPES 298
4. BIOSIGNAL COMPRESSION: PRINCIPLES AND METHODS 299
5. FROM A TELEMEDICAL PERSPECTIVE 305
6. CONCLUSIVE COMMENTS 306
7. REFERENCES 306
RESILIENT ECG WAVELET CODING FOR WIRELESS REAL-TIME TELECARDIOLOGY APPLICATIONS 309
1. INTRODUCTION 309
2. REAL-TIME WAVELET ECG CODING 311
3. SIMULATION RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 318
4. REAL-TIME ECG TRANSMISSION APPLICATION 326
6. REFERENCES 327
THE JPEG2000 IMAGE COMPRESSION STANDARD IN MOBILE HEALTH 329
1. INTRODUCTION 329
2. JPEG2000: AN OVERVIEW OF THE STANDARD 330
3. JPEG2000: FEATURES MEETING MOBILE HEALTH 335
4. JPEG2000: EXPANDING ITS POSSIBILITIES 340
5. CONCLUSIONS 342
6. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 342
7. REFERENCES 343
COMPRESSION OF VOLUMETRIC DATA IN MOBILE HEALTH SYSTEMS 344
1. INTRODUCTION 344
2. INTER-BAND AND INTRA-BAND WAVELET CODING 345
3. WAVELET-BASED CODING OF VOLUMETRIC DATA 352
4. PERFORMANCE EVALUATION 353
5. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS 357
6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 357
7. REFERENCES 358
AN OVERVIEW OF DIGITAL VIDEO COMPRESSION FOR MOBILE HEALTH SYSTEMS 360
1. INTRODUCTION 360
2. DIGITAL COLOR VIDEO STANDARDS 362
3. VIDEO IMAGE SEQUENCE COMPRESSION: BASIC CONCEPTS 363
4. MOTION ESTIMATION METHODS 365
5. LINEAR TRANSFORMS IN VIDEO CODING 369
6. OBJECT-BASED CODING AND REGION OF INTEREST (ROI) METHODS: A SUMMARY 371
7. COMMUNICATIONS ERROR CONTROL AND RECOVERY IN REAL-TIME VIDEO PROCESSING APPLICATIONS 372
8. CONCLUDING REMARKS 374
9. REFERENCES 374
FUTURE CHALLENGES AND RECOMMENDATIONS 379
REFERENCES 382
IV. EMERGENCY HEALTH CARE SYSTEMS AND SERVICES 383
SECTION OVERVIEW 384
REFERENCES 386
ECG TELECARE: PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE 388
1. INTRODUCTION 388
2. ECG TELECARE: THE PAST 392
3. ECG TELECARE: THE PRESENT 392
4. ECG TELECARE: THE FUTURE 395
5. CONCLUSIONS 399
6. REFERENCES 400
MEDICAL ASPECTS OF PREHOSPITAL CARDIAC TELECARE 402
1. INTRODUCTION 402
2. HISTORY OF ECG TELEMETRY IN AMBULANCES 403
3. “CARDIOLOGY ON THE MOVE” PROJECT 404
4. BENEFITS OF PREHOSPITAL TRANSMITTED ECG 408
5. CURRENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 410
6. REFERENCES 411
AN EMERGENCY TELEMEDICINE SYSTEM BASED ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY: A CASE STUDY 413
1. INTRODUCTION 413
2. BACKGROUND 414
3. TECHNICAL APPROACH 415
4. SYSTEM EVALUATION 421
5. DISCUSSION 425
6. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 427
7. REFERENCES 427
APPLICATION OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES FOR EMERGENCY TELEMEDICINE 429
1. INTRODUCTION 429
2. TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR MOBILE TELEMEDICINE 430
3. TELEMEDICINE IN AN AMBULANCE 433
4. TELEMEDICINE WITH SATELLITE COMMUNICATION 437
6. CONCLUSIONS 443
7. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 444
8. REFERENCES 444
FUTURE CHALLENGES AND RECOMMENDATIONS 446
REFERENCES 448
V. ECHOGRAPHY SYSTEMS AND SERVICES 449
SECTION OVERVIEW 450
MOBILE TELE-ECHOGRAPHY SYSTEMS – TELEINVIVO: A CASE STUDY 453
1. INTRODUCTION 453
2. BACKGROUND 454
3. TECHNICAL APPROACH 454
4. SYSTEM EVALUATION 461
5. DISCUSSION 465
6. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 467
7. REFERENCES 467
A TELE-OPERATED ROBOTIC SYSTEM FOR MOBILE TELE-ECHOGRAPHY: THE OTELO PROJECT 468
1. INTRODUCTION 468
2. ROBOTIC TELE-ECHOGRAPHY STATE OF THE ART 469
3. FROM USERS REQUIREMENTS TO THE OTELO ROBOTIC CONCEPT 471
4. CONCLUSION 478
5. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 479
6. REFERENCE 479
USER INTERFACE ENVIRONMENT AND IMAGE COMMUNICATION IN MOBILE TELE-ECHOGRAPHY 481
1. INTRODUCTION 481
2. ULTRASOUND IMAGE COMMUNICATION 482
3. USER INTERFACE 486
4. COMMUNICATION SCENARIOS AND EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 491
5. CONCLUSIONS 494
6. REFERENCES 494
OBJECT-BASED ULTRASOUND VIDEO PROCESSING FOR WIRELESS TRANSMISSION IN CARDIOLOGY 496
1. INTRODUCTION 496
2. DIGITAL VIDEO TRANSMISSION IN CARDIOLOGY 498
3. A SUMMARY OF OBJECT-BASED VIDEO COMPRESSION 499
4. DIAGNOSTICALLY-LOSSLESS MOTION-MODE (M-MODE) VIDEO COMPRESSION 499
5. M-MODE ULTRASOUND VIDEO OBJECT SEGMENTATION USING AMFM DEMODULATION 502
6. RESULTS 505
7. CONCLUDING REMARKS 511
8. REFERENCES 512
FUTURE CHALLENGES AND RECOMMENDATIONS 513
MOBILE TELE-ECHOGRAPHY SYSTEMS – TELEINVIVO: A CASE STUDY 453
1. INTRODUCTION 453
2. BACKGROUND 454
3. TECHNICAL APPROACH 454
4. SYSTEM EVALUATION 461
5. DISCUSSION 465
6. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 467
7. REFERENCES 467
A TELE-OPERATED ROBOTIC SYSTEM FOR MOBILE TELE-ECHOGRAPHY: THE OTELO PROJECT 468
1. INTRODUCTION 468
2. ROBOTIC TELE-ECHOGRAPHY STATE OF THE ART 469
3. FROM USERS REQUIREMENTS TO THE OTELO ROBOTIC CONCEPT 471
4. CONCLUSION 478
5. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 479
6. REFERENCE 479
USER INTERFACE ENVIRONMENT AND IMAGE COMMUNICATION IN MOBILE TELE-ECHOGRAPHY 481
1. INTRODUCTION 481
2. ULTRASOUND IMAGE COMMUNICATION 482
3. USER INTERFACE 486
4. COMMUNICATION SCENARIOS AND EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 491
5. CONCLUSIONS 494
6. REFERENCES 494
OBJECT-BASED ULTRASOUND VIDEO PROCESSING FOR WIRELESS TRANSMISSION IN CARDIOLOGY 496
1. INTRODUCTION 496
2. DIGITAL VIDEO TRANSMISSION IN CARDIOLOGY 498
3. A SUMMARY OF OBJECT-BASED VIDEO COMPRESSION 499
4. DIAGNOSTICALLY-LOSSLESS MOTION-MODE (M-MODE) VIDEO COMPRESSION 499
5. M-MODE ULTRASOUND VIDEO OBJECT SEGMENTATION USING AMFM DEMODULATION 502
6. RESULTS 505
7. CONCLUDING REMARKS 511
8. REFERENCES 512
FUTURE CHALLENGES AND RECOMMENDATIONS 513
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 516
VI. REMOTE AND HOME MONITORING 517
SECTION OVERVIEW 518
INTRODUCTION 518
CIVILIAN TELEMEDICINE IN REMOTE AND EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS 520
1. INTRODUCTION 520
2. BACKGROUND 520
3. TELECOMMUNICATIONS NEEDS 521
4. EFFECTIVE PLANNING 523
5. EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS 524
6. SUMMARY 531
7. REFERENCES 531
TELEMATIC REQUIREMENTS FOR EMERGENCY AND DISASTER RESPONSE DERIVED FROM ENTERPRISE MODELS 533
1. INTRODUCTION 533
2. ENTERPRISE MODEL 535
3. TELEMATIC NEEDS IN EMERGENCY AND RESCUE SERVICES 541
4. TELEMATIC SUPPORT REQUIREMENTS 542
5. CONCLUSIONS 547
6. REFERENCES 548
TELEMATIC SUPPORT FOR DISASTER SITUATIONS 550
1. INTRODUCTION 550
2. BACKGROUND 551
3. EFFECTIVE PLANNING 552
4. EFFECTIVE TELECOMMUNICATIONS 554
5. INFORMATICS 555
6. WHAT HAS WORKED 555
7. FUTURE 558
8. REFERENCES 559
REMOTE MONITORING FOR HEALTHCARE AND FOR SAFETY IN EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS 561
1. INTRODUCTION 561
2. BODY AREA NETWORKS FOR REMOTE MONITORING OF PATIENTS 563
3. MONITORING FOR HEALTH AND SAFETY IN EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS 565
4. CONCLUSIONS 572
5. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 573
6. REFERENCES 573
CHRONIC PATIENT’S MANAGEMENT: THE COPD EXAMPLE 574
1. INTRODUCTION 574
2. CHRONIC DISEASE MANAGEMENT PLATFORM 575
3. CONCLUSIONS 581
4. AKNOWLEDGEMENTS 583
5. REFERENCES 584
A MOBILE TELEMEDICINE WORKSPACE FOR DIABETES MANAGEMENT 585
1. INTRODUCTION 585
2. REQUIREMENTS FOR TELEMEDICINE SERVICES AND SHARED CARE IN DIABETES MANAGEMENT 587
3. TECHNOLOGICAL BUILDING BLOCKS OF THE MOBILE WORKSPACE 588
4. CONCLUSIONS 594
5. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 595
6. REFERENCES 596
MOBILE MANAGEMENT AND PRESCRIPTION OF MEDICATION 598
1. INTRODUCTION TO MEDICATION MANAGEMENT 598
2. NON-COMPLIANCE 599
3. ICT AND HEALTHCARE 605
4. MOBILE TECHNOLOGY 607
5. STATE OF THE ART IN MEDICATION MANAGEMENT 609
6. COMPLIANCE CONTROL IN THE FUTURE 611
7. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 612
8. REFERENCES 612
FUTURE CHALLENGES AND RECOMMENDATIONS 613
AUTHOR INDEX 615
SUBJECT INDEX 617