The 2nd International Conference on Nuclear Physics in Astrophysics (eBook)

The European Physical Journal A 5
List of participants 8
Foreword 13
1 Big-Bang Nucleosynthesis 15
Big bang nucleosynthesis in the new cosmology 16
1 Introduction 16
2 Big bang nucleosynthesis theory 17
3 From nuclear data to primordial abundance predictions 19
4 Light element observations and comparison with theory 21
5 Beyond the Standard Model 23
6 Summary 25
References 25
2 Neutrino Physics 27
Salty neutrinos from the Sun 28
1 Introduction 28
2 The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory 28
3 Data analysis 30
4 Results 32
5 Conclusions 34
6 Outlook 34
References 34
Prospects in double beta decay searches 35
1 Introduction 35
2 Dirac neutrinos and Majorana neutrinos 35
3 Double beta decay 36
4 Prediction on the Majorana mass 38
5 Experimental techniques 39
6 First-generation experiments 40
7 Towards second-generation experiments 41
8 Future experiments 42
9 Conclusions 43
References 44
Search for rare processes with DAMA/LXe experiment at Gran Sasso 45
1 Introduction on previous results 45
2 The search for nucleon instabilities into invisible channels in the 136Xe isotope 46
3 Conclusion 50
References 50
On the importance of low-energy beta beams for supernova neutrino physics 52
1 Introduction 52
2 Synthetic spectra 53
3 Detector response 55
References 57
Neutrino-nucleon scattering rates in protoneutron stars and nuclear correlations in the spin S = 1 channel 58
1 Introduction 58
2 Neutrino-nucleon scattering rates 58
3 The effective nuclear interaction in the spin channel 59
4 Density dependence of the Landau parameters 60
5 Response functions 61
6 Mean free path 62
7 Conclusion and outlook 63
References 63
From DAMA/NaI to DAMA/LIBRA at LNGS 65
1 Introduction 65
2 The model-independent result of DAMA/NaI 66
3 Some corollary model-dependent quests for a candidate 67
4 Towards the future: from DAMA/NaI to DAMA/LIBRA and beyond 69
5 Conclusion 70
References 70
Searching for Majorana neutrinos with double beta decay and with beta beams 71
1 Introduction 71
2 The neutrinoless double beta processes 71
3 Searching for Majorana neutrinos with beta 3 Searching for Majorana neutrinos with beta 73
4 Helicity admixture estimates 73
5 Conclusions and outlook 74
References 74
Interactions of the solar neutrinos with the deuterons 75
1 Introduction 75
2 Weak axial nuclear exchange currents 77
3 Numerical results 77
4 Conclusions 80
References 80
3 Non-explosive Nucleosynthesis 81
Relation between the 16O(a, .)20Ne reaction and its reverse20Ne(.,a)16O reaction in stars and in the laboratory 82
1 Introduction 82
2 Resonant reaction rates 83
3 Discussion 84
4 Experiments with quasi-thermal photon spectra 84
5 Conclusions 85
References 85
Enhanced d(d,p)t fusion reaction in metals 86
1 Introduction 86
2 Setup and experimental procedure 87
3 Temperature dependence of Pt and Co 87
4 Temperature dependence of metals with high solubility at T = 20 C 88
5 Discussion 89
References 89
Experimental and theoretical screening energies for the 2H(d, p)3H reaction in metallic environments 90
1 Introduction 90
2 Experimental screening energy 90
3 Theoretical description of the electron screening effect 91
4 Comparison with results of other authors 93
5 Discussion and conclusions 94
References 94
Influence of chaos on the fusion enhancement by electron screening 96
1 Introduction 96
2 Formalism 97
3 Application to the electron screening problem 98
4 Summary 101
References 101
4 Explosive Nucleosynthesis 102
Recent astrophysical studies with exotic beams at ORNL 103
1 Introduction 103
2 Experimental details 103
3 Studies with 18F beams 104
4 Studies with 7Be beams 107
5 Studies with neutron-rich beams 108
6 Conclusions 111
References 112
Beacons in the sky: Classical novae vs. X-ray bursts 113
1 Introduction 113
2 Classical nova explosions 114
3 X-ray bursts 118
4 Outlook 119
References 120
Re-evaluating reaction rates relevant to nova nucleosynthesis from a nuclear structure perspective 122
1 Introduction 122
2 Example 1: 22Na(p, .) 123
3 Example 2: 30P(p, .) 124
4 Conclusions 125
References 126
Evidence for p-process nucleosynthesis recorded at the Solar System abundances 127
1 Introduction 127
2 Analyzing the solar abundances and discovery of the first scaling 128
3 Discovery of the second scaling 129
4 Proposal of a novel concept of the universality of the p-process 129
5 Proposal of a novel concept of rate meter for the s-process 129
6 Supernova model calculations 130
7 Proposal of a new nuclear cosmochronometer 131
8 Conclusion 132
References 132
(n, .) cross-sections of light p nuclei 133
1 Introduction 133
2 Experimental procedure 134
3 Data analysis 134
4 Results and discussion 135
5 Summary 137
6 KADoNiS —The Karlsruhe Astrophysical Database of Nucleosynthesis in Stars 138
References 138
Photodissociation of p-process nuclei studied by bremsstrahlunginduced activation 139
1 Introduction 139
2 Experimental setup 139
3 Photo-activation measurements 140
4 Conclusion 144
References 144
106,108Cd(p, .)107,109In cross-sections for the astrophysicalp-process 145
1 Introduction 145
2 Investigated reactions 146
3 Experimental procedure 146
4 Results and conclusion 148
References 148
A study of alpha capture cross-sections of 112Sn 149
1 Introduction 149
2 Experimental technique 150
3 Experimental results 151
References 152
Photodissociation of neutron de.cient nuclei 153
1 Introduction 153
2 The A ˜ 100 mass region 153
3 Coulomb dissociation experiments 154
4 Summary and outlook 155
References 156
Photonuclear reaction data and .-ray sources for astrophysics 157
1 Introduction 157
2 Direct determination of (.,n) cross sections 158
3 Perspectives 160
References 162
5 Cross-Section Measurements and Nuclear Data for Astrophysics 163
CNO hydrogen burning studied deep underground 164
1 Introduction 164
2 Which nuclear energy range is of astrophysical interest? 165
3 The 14N(p, .)15O reaction 166
4 Laboratory for Underground Nuclear Astrophysics (LUNA) 168
5 LUNA 14N(p, .)15O gas target experiment 168
6 Astrophysical scenarios that can be better understood using data from the present experiment 172
References 173
Pygmy dipole strength close to particle-separation energies —The case of the Mo isotopes 174
1 Dipole strength in heavy nuclei 174
2 Nuclear resonance .uorescence 175
3 Photon scattering experiments on Mo isotopes 176
4Dipole strength in isolated narrow resonances 176
5 Level densities and fluctuating cross sections 177
6 The distribution of photon strength and pygmy resonances 178
7 Conclusion 178
References 179
Towards a high-precision measurement of the 3He(a, .)7Be cross section at LUNA 180
1 Introduction 180
2 Experimental setup 181
3 The on-line . detection technique 182
4 The activation technique 182
References 183
Radiative and non-radiative electron capture from carbon atoms by relativistic helium ions 184
1 Introduction 184
2 Experiment 185
3 Results and discussion 186
4 Radiative electron capture by fast projectiles vs. the adiabaticity parameter 187
5 Summary and conclusions 187
References 188
Evidence for a host-material dependence of the n/p branching ratio of low-energy d+d reactions within metallic environments 189
1 Introduction 189
2 Experimental results 189
3 Theoretical considerations and discussion 193
4 Conclusion 194
References 194
New measurement of 7Be half-life in di.erent metallic environments 195
1 Introduction 195
2 Experimental procedure 196
3 Results 197
References 198
Study of the 106Cd(a, a)106Cd scattering at energies relevant to the p-process 199
1 Introduction 199
2 Experimental setup and procedure 200
3 Optical potential parameters 201
References 202
Study of fission fragments produced by 14N + 235U reaction 203
1 Introduction 203
2 Experiment 204
3 Results 204
4 Conclusion 206
References 206
Indirect techniques in nuclear astrophysics 207
1 Introduction 207
2 ANC method 207
3 Trojan Horse 212
4 Summary 217
References 217
Can the neutron-capture cross sections be measured with Coulomb dissociation? 218
1 Introduction 218
2 The method of Coulomb dissociation and its experimental di.culties 219
3 The experimental procedure 219
4 Results and discussion 220
References 221
Study of the 9Be(p, a)6Li reaction via the Trojan Horse Method 222
1 Introduction 222
2 The Trojan Horse Method 222
3 Experimental procedure 223
4 Data analysis 223
5 Conclusion 225
References 226
Re-evaluation of the low-energy Coulomb-dissociation cross section of 8B and the astrophysical S17 factor 227
1 Introduction 227
2 Theoretical calculations 227
3 Experimental procedures 228
4 Data reduction and results 228
5 The astrophysical S17 factor 231
6 Conclusions 232
References 232
Study of the 26Si(p, .)27P reaction through Coulomb dissociation of 27P 233
1 Introduction 233
2 Experiment 234
3 Result and discussion 235
4 Summary 236
References 236
Breakup of loosely bound nuclei as indirect method in nuclear astrophysics: 8B, 9C, 23Al 237
1 Introduction 237
2 The reaction model 238
3 Three particular cases 238
4 Conclusions 242
Relation between proton and neutron asymptotic normalizaion coe.cients for light mirror nuclei and its relevance for nuclear astrophysics 243
1 Introduction 243
2 Plane-Wave Impulse Approximation 244
3 The experiment 244
4 Data analysis and results 245
5 Conclusions 247
References 247
Indirect measurement of the 15N(p, a)12C reaction cross sectionthrough the Trojan-Horse Method 249
1 Introduction 249
2 The experiment 250
3 Results and discussion 253
References 254
6 Nuclear Structure Far from Stability 255
Nuclear structure far o. stability —Implications for nuclear astrophysics 256
1 Introduction 256
2 Spin-gap isomerism in the 100Sn region 257
3 Monopole driven shell structure in neutron-rich nuclei 259
4 Towards 78Ni 262
5 Shell structure along the r-path towards 262
6 Summary and conclusions 265
References 265
Relation between proton and neutron asymptotic normalization coe.cients for light mirror nuclei and its relevance for nuclear astrophysics 267
1 Introduction 267
2 Analytical formula 268
3 Single-particle model 269
4 Microscopic cluster model 270
5 Bound mirror pairs 270
6 Bound-unbound mirror pairs 272
7 Discussion and conclusions 273
References 274
A simple interpretation of global trends in the lowest levels of pand sd-shell nuclei 275
1 Introduction 275
2 The approach 276
3 Applications 278
4 Conclusions 280
References 280
Exploring the Na + 3n light nuclei via the (7Li, 7Be) reaction 281
1 Introduction 281
2 The (7Li, 7Be) CEX reaction 282
3 Nuclear structure model 283
4 Other explored Na + 3n systems 285
References 286
Equation of state of strongly interacting matter in compact stars 287
1 Introduction 287
2 Equation of state of compact stars matter 287
3 Signatures of quark matter in compact stars 291
4 Conclusions 292
References 292
Clustering in light nuclei in fragmentation above 1 A GeV 293
1 Introduction 293
2 Nuclear fragment jets 294
3 Fragmentation of 22Ne nuclei 295
4 Fragmentation of 14N nuclei 295
5 Fragmentation of 9Be nuclei 296
6 Charged topology of 8B fragmentation 297
7 Charged topology of 9C fragmentation 297
8 Conclusions 298
References 298
Effects of the particle-number projection on the isovector pairing energy 299
1 Introduction 299
2 BCS theory 300
3 Projection 300
4 Numerical results. Discussion 301
References 303
7 Rare-Ion-Beam Facilities and Experiments 305
Study of the N = 28 shell closure in the Ar isotopic chain 306
1 Introduction 306
2 Experimental methods 307
3 Experimental results 308
4 Determination of (n, .) rates from (d, p) reaction 309
5 Astrophysical implications 310
6 Conclusions 311
References 311
Status of the TRIUMF annular chamber for the tracking and identification of charged particles (TACTIC) 312
1 Introduction 312
2 The TACTIC chamber 312
3 The TACTIC test chamber. 313
4 GEANT4 simulation 314
5 Drift field and beam induced electrons 315
6 Data acquisition 316
7 Applications 316
8 Conclusions 317
References 317
Testing of the RIKEN-ATOMKI CsI(Tl) array in the study of 22,23O nuclear structure 318
1 Introduction 318
2 Characterization of the CsI(Tl) detectors 318
3 The commissioning experiment 320
4 Results and discussion 321
References 321
8 Perspectives of Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics 322
Nuclear astrophysics at the east drip line 323
1 Introduction 323
2 Experimental facilities in japan 324
3 The CRIB project at CNS 325
4 The direct measurement of the 14O(a, p)17F reaction 326
5 Search for proton resonances relevant to the early stage of the rp-process 327
6 Summary 327
References 328
Radiative electron capture —A tool to detect He++ in space 329
1 Introduction 329
2 Expected photon spectra due to Radiative Electron Capture in the plasma clouds 330
3 Summary and conclusions 331
References 331
AMS —A powerful tool for probing nucleosynthesis via long-lived radionuclides 332
1 Introduction 332
2 Accelerator mass spectrometry at the Vienna Environmental Research Accelerator facility 332
3 Applications of AMS related to astrophysics 334
4 Ca-measurements with VERA 335
5 Summary 336
References 337
Author index 338