In Vivo Models of Inflammation (eBook)

Contents 5
List of contributors 7
Preface to the first edition 10
Preface to the second edition 11
Introduction 12
Historical background 12
Rat models of arthritis: Similarities, differences, advantages, and disadvantages in the identification of novel therapeutics 12
Drug therapies 13
Methods 27
Conclusions 33
References 36
Introduction 46
Murine collagen induced arthritis 46
Induction of CIA 47
Expression of arthritis 50
Unilateral CIA 52
CIA in C57BL/6 mice 53
Passive transfer model of CIA 53
Arthritis score and histopathology 54
Cytokine involvement 58
Applicability of the model 65
Final remarks 69
References 70
Introduction 75
Use of animal models of osteoarthritis in the evaluation of potential new therapeutic agents 75
OA animal models 76
Use of OA animal models in the evaluation of potential therapeutic modalities 76
Conclusion 78
References 86
Introduction: Inflammation and cancer 93
Models of inflammatory processes in cancer 93
Inflammation as an initiator 94
Inflammation as a promoter 94
Inflammation as an immunosuppressor 94
Models of the initiator/promotor activities of inflammation 95
Models of angiogenesis 96
In vivo tumor models 100
Inflammation-related immune regulatory mechanisms 102
Conclusions 104
References 105
Introduction 113
Muscular dystrophy and the pathogenetic role of inflammation 113
Advances in stem cell research: use of stem cells in animal models of muscular dystrophy 113
Animal models of muscular dystrophy 116
Inflammation in the dystrophic models 117
Muscular dystrophy, regeneration and stem cells 119
Enhancing stem cell–mediated muscle regeneration 126
Future prospects 126
References 127
Introduction 134
Gene transfer technology 134
Principles of gene transfer 135
Non-viral methods for gene transfer 137
Viral vectors for gene transfer 137
Conclusion 143
References 144
Introduction 147
Transgenics 147
Background/literature summary 148
Experimental descriptions 154
Invasive and noninvasive methods to study inflammatory diseases 156
Conclusions 158
References 158
Introduction 163
Nanotechnology: Towards the detection and treatment of inflammatory diseases 163
Nanotechnology for inflammation scientists 164
Nanostructures and nanosystems 165
Nanoparticles 169
In vitro diagnostics 172
Nanoarrays 173
Application of nanosystems and nanoparticles in inflammation and cancer 173
Summary and conclusions 178
References 179
Introduction 185
UK legislation of in vivo aspects in inflammation research 185
UK legislation 186
The Certificate of Designation 188
The Project Licence 188
The Personal Licence 190
Other legislative systems in the United States and Europe 191
Opportunities for reduction, replacement and refinement in inflammation research 191
Skills shortages in integrative inflammation research in the 21st century 192
References 193
Legal standing of the 3R principle 195
Japanese guidelines and regulations for scientific and ethical animal experimentation 195
Basic guidelines established by regulatory agencies 196
Detailed guidelines formulated by the SCJ 197
Deliberation on local self-regulation of animal experiments 198
References 199
Introduction 200
United States guidelines and regulations in animal experimentation 200
Federal laws 201
Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals 204
Food and Drug Administration, Good Laboratory Practices 205
Specific considerations for animal models of inflammation 206
Summary 208
References 209
Index 210