Bioenergetics (eBook)

Introduction 5
Contents 9
Contributors 14
Diversity of the Heme–Copper Superfamily in Archaea: Insights fromGenomics and Structural Modeling 17
1 Introduction 17
2 Introduction to the Heme–Copper Superfamily 18
3 Classification of the Superfamily 19
4 Heme-Copper Family Properties 21
5 Heme–Copper Oxygen Reductases in Archaea 24
6 Distribution and Evolution of the Heme–Copper Superfamily 42
References 44
Structure of Photosystems I and II 48
1 Overview on Oxygenic Photosynthesis 48
2 Photosystem I 50
3 Photosystem II 65
References 80
Microbial Rhodopsins: Scaffolds for Ion Pumps, Channels, and Sensors 88
1 Introduction 88
2 Microbial ( Type 1) Rhodopsins 90
3 Ion Transfer and Signal Transfer Mechanisms 106
4 Phototaxis 116
5 Outlook 126
References 126
Life Close to the Thermodynamic Limit: HowMethanogenic Archaea Conserve Energy 138
1 Introduction 138
2 The Process of Methanogenesis 140
3 Reactions and Compounds of the Methanogenic Electron Transport Chains 143
4 Structure and Function of Ion-Translocating Enzymes 148
5 ATP Synthesis in Methanogens 154
6 Concluding Remarks 159
References 160
ATP Synthesis by Decarboxylation Phosphorylation 168
1 Introduction 168
2 Fermentation Pathways with Na+- Transport Decarboxylases ( NaT- DC) 169
3 Structure and Mechanism of the NaT-DC Enzymes 174
4 ATP Synthesis Energized by an Electrochemical Na+ Ion Gradient 177
5 Mechanism of the F0 Motor 186
References 192
The Three Families of Respiratory NADH Dehydrogenases 200
1 Introduction 200
2 “ Alternative” or NDH-2-Type NADH Dehydrogenases 202
3 Sodium-Pumping NADH Dehydrogenases (Nqr) 211
4 Proton-Pumping NADH:Ubiquinone Oxidoreductase (Complex I) 220
References 228
Hydrogenases and H+-Reduction in Primary Energy Conservation 238
1 Introduction 238
2 Diversity and Classification of Hydrogenases 239
3 Modes of Energy Conservation by Hydrogenases 253
4 Conclusions and Perspectives 258
References 259
A Structural Perspective onMechanism and Function of the Cytochrome bc1 Complex 268
1 Introduction 268
2 Structural Characterization of cyt 270
3 Mechanistic Considerations 276
4 Interaction of cyt c with cyt bc1 283
5 Respiratory Supercomplexes 284
References 285
Regulatory Mechanisms of Proton- Translocating FOF1- ATP Synthase 294
1 Introduction 294
2 Structure and Rotary Catalysis: a Brief Summary 295
3 ADP-Inhibition: a Common Regulatory Mechanism 299
4 Subunit E in Bacterial and Chloroplast Enzyme 306
5 Thiol Regulation in Chloroplast Enzyme 310
6 Mitochondrial Inhibitor Protein IF1 312
7 Conclusions 313
References 314
Subject Index 324