The Interactions Between Sediments and Water (eBook)

Table of Contents 5
Acknowledgements 9
Section 1 Sediment and Water Interactions in Streams 10
INTERACTIONS BETWEEN SEDIMENT AND WATER: PERSPECTIVES ON THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR SEDIMENT WATER SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM 10
Acknowledgments 13
References 13
PHOSPHORUS STORAGE IN FINE CHANNEL BED SEDIMENTS 16
1. Introduction 16
2. Study Areas 17
3. Materials and Methods 18
4. Results and Discussion 21
5. Conclusion 24
Acknowledgements 25
References 25
QUANTIFICATION OF THE EROSION RESISTANCE OF UNDISTURBED AND REMOULDED COHESIVE SEDIMENTS 26
1. Introduction 26
2. Experimental Method 27
3. Results and Discussion 30
4. Conclusions 35
References 35
SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL VARIATIONS IN THE SEDIMENT HABITAT OF RANUNCULUS SPP. IN LOWLAND CHALK STREAMS – IMPLICATIONS FOR ECOLOGICAL STATUS? 38
1. Introduction 38
2. Materials and Methods 39
3. Results 40
4. Discussion 42
5. Conclusions 44
Acknowledgements 45
References 45
CAN NUTRIENT SPIRALLING BE USED TO DETECT SEASONAL NUTRIENT UPTAKE IN A FORESTED STREAM? 48
1. Introduction 48
2. Materials and Methods 49
3. Results 51
4. Discussion 53
5. Conclusions 54
Acknowledgements 55
References 55
DISSOLVED OXYGEN AND NUTRIENT FLUXES ACROSS THE SEDIMENT–WATER INTERFACE OF THE NECKAR RIVER, GERMANY: IN SITU MEASUREMENTS AND SIMULATIONS 58
1. Introduction 58
2. Experimental and Numerical Methods 59
3. Results and Discussion 62
4. Conclusions 66
References 67
OCCURRENCE OF SEDIMENT-BOUND PYRETHROIDS IN DANISH STREAMS AND THEIR IMPACT ON ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION 68
1. Introduction 68
2. Materials and Methods 69
3. Results 72
4. Discussion 75
5. Conclusion 76
References 76
DEVELOPMENT OF LAYERED SEDIMENT STRUCTURE AND ITS EFFECTS ON PORE WATER TRANSPORT AND HYPORHEIC EXCHANGE 78
1. Introduction 78
2. Development of Fine-Scale Layered Structures in Streambeds 79
3. Effect of Heterogeneity on Hyporheic Exchange 82
4. Conclusions 85
Acknowledgements 86
References 86
STREAMBED SEDIMENT GEOCHEMICAL CONTROLS ON IN- STREAM PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATIONS DURING BASEFLOW 88
1. Introduction 88
2. Materials and Methods 89
3. Results and Discussion 92
4. Conclusions 95
Acknowledgements 96
References 96
Section 2 Sediment and Water Interactions in Lakes 98
AN OVERVIEW OF SEDIMENT ORGANIC MATTER RECORDS OF HUMAN EUTROPHICATION IN THE LAURENTIAN GREAT LAKES REGION 98
Abbreviations 98
1. Introduction 98
2. Human Impacts on the Laurentian Great Lakes 100
3. Case Studies of Eutrophication in the Great Lakes Region 101
4. Summary and Overview 105
Acknowledgments 107
References 107
THE INFLUENCE OF CHIRONOMUS PLUMOSUS LARVAE ON NUTRIENT FLUXES AND PHOSPHORUS FRACTIONS IN ALUMINUM TREATED LAKE SEDIMENT 110
1. Introduction 110
2. Materials and Methods 111
3. Results 113
4. Discussion 116
Acknowledgement 119
References 119
STUDY OF POLLUTION OF THE PLITVICE LAKES BY WATER AND SEDIMENT ANALYSES 120
1. Introduction 120
2. Sampling and Methods 122
3. Results and Discussion 122
4. Conclusion 128
Acknowledgement 129
References 129
MODELLING PHOSPHORUS RETENTION IN LAKES AND RESERVOIRS 132
1. Introduction 132
2. Materials and Methods 133
3. Results and Discussions 134
4. Conclusions 138
Acknowledgements 139
References 139
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE SEDIMENT GEOCHEMISTRY AND PHOSPHORUS FLUXES IN A GREAT LAKES COASTAL MARSH, COOTES PARADISE, ON, CANADA 140
1. Introduction 140
2. Materials and Methods 141
3. Results and Discussion 144
4. Summary and Conclusions 147
Acknowledgements 147
References 147
RECENT SEDIMENT OF LAKE BLED (NW SLOVENIA): SEDIMENTOLOGICAL AND GEOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES 150
1. Introduction 150
2. Study Area 151
3. Materials and Methods 152
4. Results and Discussion 153
5. Conclusions 157
References 158
THE IMPACT OF LAKE-LEVEL FLUCTUATIONS ON THE SEDIMENT COMPOSITION 160
1. Introduction 160
2. Materials and Methods 161
3. Results 163
4. Discussion 164
5. Conclusions 165
Acknowledgements 166
References 166
Section 3 Sediment and Water Interactions in Coastal Water 168
MICROBIALLY MEDIATED REDOX CYCLING AT THE OXIC–ANOXIC BOUNDARY IN SEDIMENTS: COMPARISON OF ANIMAL AND PLANTS HABITATS 168
1. Introduction 168
2. Bioturbation by Heteromastus Filiformis 169
3. Spartina Alterni.ora 173
4. Comparison of Effects of H. Filiformis and S. Alterni.ora on Redox Cycling in Sediments 179
5. Perspectives for Future Work 179
Acknowledgements 180
References 180
DISTRIBUTION OF REDOX-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS IN BOTTOM WATERS, POREWATERS AND SEDIMENTS OF ROGOZNICA LAKE ( CROATIA) IN BOTH OXIC AND ANOXIC CONDITIONS 182
1. Introduction 182
2. Study Site 183
3. Materials and Methods 184
4. Results and Discussion 186
5. Conclusions 188
Acknowledgements 189
References 189
TRANSFORMATION OF PARTICLE-BOUND PHOSPHORUS AT THE LAND–SEA INTERFACE IN A DANISH ESTUARY 192
1. Introduction 192
2. Methods and Study Site 193
3. Results 194
4. Discussion 197
Acknowledgement 199
References 199
USE OF AN IN SITU EROSION FLUME FOR MEASURING STABILITY OF SEDIMENT DEPOSITS IN HAMILTON HARBOUR, CANADA 202
1. Introduction 202
2. Description of the Present In Situ Erosion Flume 203
3. Field Testing of the Flume 205
4. Results and Discussion 207
5. Summary and Conclusions 211
Acknowledgments 211
References 212
BIOCHEMICAL COOPERATION BETWEEN KLEBSIELLA OXYTOCA SC AND METHYLOBACTERIUM MESOPHILIUM SR FOR COMPLETE DEGRADATION OF DIMETHYL ISOPHTHALATE 214
1. Introduction 214
2. Materials and Methods 215
3. Results and Discussion 216
4. Conclusions 218
Acknowledgements 219
References 219
BENTHIC INFAUNAL COMPOSITION AND DISTRIBUTION AT AN INTERTIDAL WETLAND MUDFLAT 220
1. Introduction 220
2. Materials and Methods 221
3. Results and Discussion 221
4. Conclusions 225
Acknowledgement 225
References 226
EFFECT OF SEDIMENT HUMIC SUBSTANCES ON SORPTION OF SELECTED ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS 228
1. Introduction 228
2. Materials and Methods 229
3. Results and Discussion 231
4. Conclusions 235
Acknowledgements 235
References 235
SOURCES, FATE AND DISTRIBUTION OF ORGANIC MATTER ON THE WESTERN ADRIATIC CONTINENTAL SHELF, ITALY 238
1. Introduction 238
2. Background 238
3. Materials and Methods 239
4. Results and Discussion 240
5. Conclusions 246
Acknowledgments 246
References 247
SEDIMENTARY RECORD OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN THE GULF OF TRIESTE ( NORTHERN ADRIATIC SEA) 250
1. Introduction 250
2. Materials and Methods 251
3. Results and Discussion 252
4. Conclusions 257
Acknowledgements 257
References 258
Section 4 Linking Catchments and Streams 260
QUANTIFYING FINE-SEDIMENT SOURCES IN PRIMARY AND SELECTIVELY LOGGED RAINFOREST CATCHMENTS USING GEOCHEMICAL TRACERS 260
1. Introduction 260
2. Approach 261
3. Results 262
4. Interpretation and Discussion 266
5. Conclusion 267
Acknowledgements 267
References 268
RISKS FROM HISTORICAL CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTS IN THE RHINE BASIN 270
1. Introduction 270
2. Priority Substances in Historical Contaminated Sediments 271
3. Identification of Areas of Risk in the Rhine Catchment Area and its Tributaries for the Port of Rotterdam Due to Historic Contamination 272
4. Outlook: Additional Information on Risk Assessment of Historical Contaminated Sediments 279
Acknowledgements 280
References 280
CHANGES IN SEDIMENT SOURCES FOLLOWING WILDFIRE IN MOUNTAINOUS TERRAIN: A PAIRED–CATCHMENT APPROACH, BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA 282
1. Introduction 282
2. Study Area and Methods 283
3. Results and Interpretation 285
4. Conclusion 289
Acknowledgements 289
References 289
WILDFIRE EFFECTS ON THE QUANTITY AND COMPOSITION OF SUSPENDED AND GRAVEL- STORED SEDIMENTS 292
1. Introduction 292
2. Materials and Methods 293
3. Results and Discussion 295
4. Conclusions 299
Acknowledgements 301
References 301
USING FALLOUT LEAD-210 MEASUREMENTS TO ESTIMATE SOIL EROSION IN THREE SMALL CATCHMENTS IN SOUTHERN ITALY 302
1. Introduction 302
2. The Study 303
3. Results 310
4. Conclusions 311
Acknowledgments 312
References 312
SEDIMENT–WATER INTERACTIONS IN AN ERODED AND HEAVY METAL CONTAMINATED PEATLAND CATCHMENT, SOUTHERN PENNINES, UK 314
1. Introduction 314
2. Materials and Methods 315
3. Results and Discussion 318
4. Conclusion 320
Acknowledgements 320
References 320
THE EFFECT OF SEDIMENT SOURCE CHANGES ON POLLEN RECORDS IN LAKE SEDIMENTS 322
1. Introduction 322
2. Site Description and Methods 323
3. Results and Interpretation 324
4. Conclusion 327
Acknowledgements 328
References 328

INTERACTIONS BETWEEN SEDIMENT AND WATER: PERSPECTIVES ON THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR SEDIMENT WATER SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM (p. 1)

ELLEN L. PETTICREW1, IAN G. DROPPO2, NIVES OGRINC3, BRIAN KRONVANG4 and JADRAN FAGANELI5

1School of Geography, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK

2National Water Research Institute, Burlington, Canada

3Department of Environmental Science, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia

4National Environmental Research Institute, Silkeborg, Denmark

5Marine Biological Station, National Institute of Biology, Piran, Slovenia
Abstract.

The 10th International Symposium on Interactions Between Sediment and Water was held in Lake Bled, Slovenia from August 28 to September 3, 2005. Approximately 155 delegates, attended the symposium where talks and posters addressed five themes incorporating the physical, chemical, biological, and/or management aspects of lacustrine, riverine, estuarine, and/or marine sediment were presented.

A review of the symposium themes and plenary talks was provided. As well, this symposiums’ focus is put into context with respect to historical changes noted over the 29 years that the International Association for Sediment Water Science (IASWS) has been meeting.

Keywords: sediment, water, aquatic science, IASWS

The International Association for Sediment Water Science (IASWS) developed from a meeting in Amsterdam in 1976, held to respond to a need for specific discussions on sediment-water interactions. At that time collaborations between academic disciplines and/or different aquatic environments was novel, and the value of meeting to discuss riverine, lacustrine and marine sediment-water issues was recognized, such that it has continued on a 3-year cycle.

This 10th symposium held in Lake Bled, Slovenia brought together an interdisciplinary group of 155 scientists from 35 countries that included geochemists, aquatic ecologists, sedimentologists, geomorphologists, environmental engineers and ecosystem managers. This symposium was structured around five themes:

(1) Source, fate and effect of sediments in marine and freshwater ecosystems,

(2) Modeling the movement of aquatic sediments,

(3) Sediment-associated nutrient and contaminant processes,

(4) Assessing and/or restoring disturbed catchments and

(5) Biogenic influences on sediment water interactions from the micro- to macro-scale.

These process-oriented themes facilitated interdisciplinary interactions and incorporated 132 oral presentations and 121 poster presentations. Of these, 31 papers are presented in this special issue but are grouped by their aquatic environment: streams, lakes, coastal waters and estuaries, and catchment linkages.

Materials and Geoenvironment (Faganeli, Ogrinc, &, Horvat, 2005) contains the abstracts of all of the talks and posters that are as well posted via links on the IASWS website (www. iasws.com) until 2008.

Six plenary speakers were invited with Bojan Ogorelec from the Geologic Survey of Slovenia opening with a sediment water introduction to our symposium location, by providing a summary of Lake Bled sediment studies undertaken over the past 30 years. The other plenaries were invited to present extended talks on their research as it linked to the five symposium themes.