Self-Assembly Monolayer Structures of Lipids and Macromolecules at Interfaces (eBook)

CONTENTS 9
1 INTRODUCTION 14
2 THERMODYNAMICS OF LIQUID SURFACES 18
2.1. SURFACE THERMODYNAMICS OF LIQUIDS 18
2.2. SURFACE FREE ENERGY (SURFACE TENSION) OF LIQUIDS 19
2.3. GIBBS ADSORPTION THEORY AT LIQUID INTERFACES 30
2.4. SURFACE TENSION, INTERFACIAL TENSION, AND SURFACE PRESSURE 34
2.5. ADSORPTION OF IONS AT LIQUID INTERFACES 34
2.7. DIVERSE SURFACE PROPERTIES OF FILMS AT LIQUID SURFACES 37
3 EXPERIMENTAL METHODS AND PROCEDURES FOR SELF-ASSEMBLY MONOLAYERS 41
3.1. FORMATION OF SAMs AT LIQUID INTERFACES 41
3.2. STATES OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL MONOLAYER FILMS 51
3.3. DIFFERENT MONOLAYER SPREADING METHODS 58
3.4. PHASE TRANSITIONS IN INSOLUBLE MONOLAYERS 59
3.5. SURFACE POTENTIAL MEASUREMENTS 59
3.6. SURFACE VISCOSITY OF SAMs AT LIQUID INTERFACES 61
3.7. RETARDATION OF SURFACE EVAPORATION RATES BY 64
3.8. CALMING OF WAVES BY SPREAD MONOLAYERS 64
3.9. MONOLAYERS, BILAYERS, AND VESICLES 64
3.10. SAM STRUCTURES ON SOLID SURFACES 67
3.11. ELECTRON MICROSCOPY AND ELECTRON DIFFRACTION OF MONOLAYERS ON SOLID SURFACES 67
3.12. SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPY AND ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY 68
3.13. METHODS OF PREPARATION OF SAMs ON SOLID SURFACES 83
4 LIPID MONOLAYERS AT LIQUID INTERFACES 84
4.1. STRUCTURE OF LIPIDS 84
4.2. THERMODYNAMICS OF LIPID MONOLAYERS AT LIQUID INTERFACES 90
4.3. PHOSPHOLIPID POLYMORPHISM 100
4.4. LIPID MONOLAYERS AT THE OIL–WATER INTERFACE 102
4.5. CHARGED LIPID MONOLAYERS AT INTERFACES 104
4.6. PHASE RULE (IN TWO DIMENSIONS) IN MONOLAYERS 112
4.7. LIPID-PHASE TRANSITION IN MONOLAYERS, BILAYERS, AND MEMBRANES 113
4.8. COMPARISON OF DATA ON PHASE TRANSITION BY DIFFERENT MONOLAYER SPREADING METHODS 120
4.9. THEORETICAL MODELS FOR TWO-DIMENSIONAL PHASE TRANSITION 132
4.10. DOMAIN PATTERNS IN MONOMOLECULAR FILM ASSEMBLIES 133
4.11. MIXED MONOLAYERS AT LIQUID INTERFACES 136
4.12. REACTIONS IN MONOLAYERS AT LIQUID INTERFACES 149
4.13. EFFECT OF LIPID MONOLAYERS ON WATER EVAPORATION RATES 152
4.15. SURFACE VISCOSITY OF LIPID FILMS AT LIQUID SURFACES 165
4.16. MONOLAYERS OF COMPLEX MOLECULES 172
4.17. LATERAL DIFFUSION IN LIPID MONOLAYERS 179
5 SAMs OF MACROMOLECULES (BIOPOLYMERS AND SYNTHETIC POLYMERS) AT LIQUID INTERFACES 181
5.1. HYDROPHOBIC EFFECT (OR FORCES OR INTERACTIONS) 182
5.2. PROTEIN MONOLAYERS AT LIQUID INTERFACES 186
5.3. MONOLAYERS OF SYNTHETIC POLYAMINO ACIDS 204
5.4. EQUATION OF STATE FOR TWO-DIMENSIONAL MONOLAYERS OF BIOPOLYMERS AND SYNTHETIC POLYMERS 209
5.5. CHARGED POLYMER MONOLAYERS AT LIQUID INTERFACES 216
5.6. DETERMINATION OF MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF POLYMERS (BIOPOLYMERS) FROM MONOLAYER STUDIES 225
5.7. OTHER PROPERTIES OF BIOPOLYMER SAMs 226
5.8. ENZYME ACTIVITY IN MONOLAYERS AT LIQUID INTERFACES 228
5.9. POLYMER–SOLUTE INTERACTIONS IN MONOLAYERS 231
5.10. BIOPOLYMER SAM STRUCTURES AT INTERFACES BY STM AND AFM 232
6 KINETICS OF ADSORPTION AND DESORPTION AT LIQUID INTERFACES 242
6.1. THEORY OF ADSORPTION KINETICS AT INTERFACES 242
6.2. DESORPTION KINETICS OF LIPID MONOLAYERS 250
7 LIPID–PROTEIN MONOLAYERS (MODEL MEMBRANE SYSTEM: VIRUS–CELL FUSION) 253
7.1. LIPID–PROTEIN MONOLAYERS AND CELL MEMBRANE 254
7.2. DETERMINATION OF VAN DER WAALS FORCES IN 264
7.3. SAMs OF LUNG SURFACTANTS 266
7.4. CANCER AND INTERFACIAL INTERACTIONS AT CELL SURFACES 270
7.5. DIVERSE MIXED MONOLAYERS 271
7.6. MIXED VIRUS–CELL OR FUSION PEPTIDE–CELL MONOLAYERS 271
8 SAMs OF MEMBRANE PROTEINS 276
8.1. MELITTIN MONOLAYERS AT LIQUID INTERFACES 277
8.2. DISCRETE-CHARGE BEHAVIOR OF MEMBRANE PROTEIN MONOLAYERS 282
8.3. GRAMICIDIN MONOLAYERS 302
8.4. TRINACTIN MONOLAYERS 305
8.5. SAMs OF IONOPHORES 306
8.6. LIPID–MEMBRANE PROTEIN MONOLAYERS 308
8.7. GENERATION OF MEMBRANE STRUCTURE DURING EVOLUTION 312
9 ADSORPTION OF MONOLAYERS ON SOLIDS 314
9.1. LANGMUIR–BLODGETT FILMS 315
9.2. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF LB FILM SELF-ASSEMBLIES 329
9.3. APPLICATION OF LB FILMS IN INDUSTRY 333
9.4. SAMs OF AMPHIPHILES ON SOLID SURFACES 333
10 DIVERSE APPLICATIONS OF SAM FILMS 338
10.1. INTRODUCTION 338
10.2. FOAMS AND EMULSIONS 338
10.3. POLYMERIZATION IN MONOLAYERS 345
10.4. DIVERSE OTHER SELF-ASSEMBLY SYSTEMS 345
10.5. SYNTHETIC POLYMER MONOLAYERS ON ORGANIC LIQUIDS 350
10.6. LB FILMS AS GAS SENSORS 351
10.7. DIVERSE SAMs ON SOLID SURFACES AS SENSORS 351
REFERENCES 353
INDEX 382