Galaxy Formation and Evolution (eBook)

Table of contents 9
1 Taking the Measure of the Low- Redshift Universe 12
1.1 Local Galaxy Types and their Bulk Properties 13
1.2 Starbursts and ULIRGs 26
1.3 Merger Rates and Merger Signs 27
1.4 The Nature of AGN 30
1.5 Groups, Clusters, and Rich Clusters of Galaxies 34
1.6 Astronomical Instrumentation at the Millennium 37
1.7 The Role of Large Sky Surveys 42
1.8 Summary 43
REFERENCES 44
2 Which Properties of Galaxies can Likely Evolve ( and be Measured)? 47
2.1 Galaxy Interactions 48
2.2 Evolution of the Stellar Content of Normal Galaxies 51
2.3 Evolution of the Gas Mass Fraction 52
2.4 The Chemical Evolution of Galaxies 53
2.5 The Chemical Evolution of AGN at Moderate Distance 55
2.6 Summary 57
REFERENCES 58
3 Observations of an Evolving Universe 61
3.1 The Metric Measures of an Evolving Universe 61
3.2 What is New in Galaxy Counts? 62
3.3 The Sizes and Morphologies of Galaxies at Fairly High Redshift 67
3.4 Explaining “Building Block Galaxies at High Redshift 74
3.5 One Small Problem – Resolving Galaxy Bars 76
3.6 Is there Evolution in the Stellar Content of E Galaxies? 78
3.7 Galaxy Clusters – Now, and as they were at Moderate Redshift 80
3.8 Global Star-formation: Changes from 83
3.9 Emission Lines as a Star-formation Proxy, out to 84
3.10 Abundance Variations at Moderate Redshifts – Di . erent Targets and Methods 87
3.11 QSOs, AGN: Evolution at Large Redshifts 103
3.12 Measures of Large scale Structure 109
3.13 Summary 115
REFERENCES 117
4 Galaxies at the Contemporary Limits 122
4.1 Non-traditional Searches for Great Distance 122
4.2 Traditional Searches for Distant Objects 126
4.3 Record Redshifts 138
4.4 QSOs and AGN near the Contemporary Limits 139
4.5 Galaxy Morphology at High- 143
4.6 Large scale Structure at High- 144
4.7 Summary 144
REFERENCES 146
5 Observational Cosmology 149
5.1 The Advent of the Cosmological Constant 153
5.2 “Dark Energy 155
5.3 CMB-derived parameters 159
5.4 Summary 171
REFERENCES 172
6 Astronomical Instrumentation of the Future 174
6.1 Of Needs and Strategies 174
6.2 New Techniques at the Focal Plane 175
6.3 New Tools to Reach Dim and Distant Galaxies 180
6.4 Summary 187
REFERENCES 188
7 Briefly: Some Overall Conclusions and Problems 189
7.1 General 189
7.2 Galaxy Growth 189
7.3 Proper Sizes 190
7.4 SFR and Mergers 191
7.5 The Re-ionization by Stars in Young Galaxies 191
7.6 The Re-Ionization State of the Early IGM 193
7.7 Evolution of QSOs 194
7.8 A Concluding Remark 196
7.9 Acknowledgments 196
REFERENCES 196
Index 198