Progress on Cryptography (eBook)

Contents 7
Foreword 11
Preface 13
Randomness and Discrepancy Transforms 16
1. Introduction 16
2. Discrepancy Transforms 17
3. Runs of Discrepancy Sequences and Linear Span Profiles 19
4. Restricted Discrepancy Transforms and Filtering Generators with D-Permutations 20
5. Conclusion 22
References 23
Legendre Sequences and Modified Jacobi Sequences 24
Introduction 24
1. Legendre sequences 25
2. Modified Jacobi sequences 25
3. Polyphase Legendre sequences 26
4. Modified polyphase Jacobi sequences 27
5. Proof of Green’s conjecture 30
References 31
Resilient Functions with Good Cryptographic Properties 32
1. Introductions 32
2. Preliminaries 33
3. Previous constructions and results 34
4. New construction of resilient functions 35
5. Example 37
6. Conclusion 38
References 38
Differential Factoring for Integers 40
1. Introduction 40
2. Right shifting and its properties 41
3. An algorithm 41
4. A complementary algorithm 43
5. Some perfect primes are not perfect 44
6. Preprocessing for parallel computation 45
7. A few small examples 46
8. Concluding remarks 47
References 47
Simple and Efficient Systematic A-codes from Error Correcting Codes 48
1. Introduction 48
2. Systematic authentication codes and some bounds 49
3. The construction of the authentication codes 51
4. Specific constructions of authentication codes from error correcting codes 52
5. Open problems 57
6. Concluding remarks 57
References 57
On Coefficients of Binary Expression of Integer Sums 60
1. Introduction 60
2. preparation 61
3. Main theorem 62
4. Conclusions 66
References 66
A new publicly verifiable proxy signcryption scheme 68
1. Related works 69
2. The proposed proxy signcryption scheme 71
3. Analysis 72
4. Conclusion 72
References 72
Some New Proxy Signature Schemes from Pairings 74
1. Introduction 74
2. Preliminaries 75
3. The General Construction 77
4. New Proxy Signature Schemes 78
5. New Proxy Blind Signature Schemes 79
6. Conclusion 80
References 81
Construction of Digital Signature Schemes Based on DLP 82
1. Introduction 82
2. Constructions of schemes 83
3. Conclusion 86
References 86
DLP-based blind signatures and their application in E-Cash systems 88
1. Introduction 88
2. How to construct DLP-based blind signatures 89
3. Generalize some DLP-based blinding processes 92
4. The application of blind signatures in E-Cash 93
5. Conclusion 94
References 94
A Group of Threshold Group-Signature Schemes with Privilege Subsets 96
1. Introduction 96
2. Analysis on threshold scheme [8] 97
3. threshold group-signature 98
3.1 Basic idea 98
3.2 Initiation 98
3.3 Generation of group key and secret pieces 99
3.4 Generation of threshold group-signature 99
3.5 Verification and Traceability 99
3.6 Threshold group-signature scheme with several privilege subsets 100
3.7 Instance without the assistance of KAC 100
4. Threshold group-signature schemes with message recovery 100
4.1 Generic threshold schemes of ElGamal type 100
4.2 Threshold schemes with message recovery 101
5. Analysis 102
References 103
A New Group Signature Scheme with Unlimited Group Size 104
1. Proxy signature with privacy protection 106
1.1 Notations 106
1.2 An improved proxy signature scheme 107
2. Group signature with unlimited group size 108
3. Properties analysis 109
4. Discussion 110
5. Conclusion 110
References 111
Identity Based Signature Scheme Based on Quadratic Residues 112
1. Introduction 112
2. Notation and related theorem 114
3. Identity based signature scheme based on quadratic residue problem( IBS- QR) 115
4. Practical aspects 119
5. Comparison and conclusion 119
Notes 120
References 120
A New Digital Signature Scheme Based on Factoring and Discrete Logarithms 122
1. Introduction 122
2. He-Kiesler scheme and a simple attack 123
3. Modified He-Kiesler Signature Scheme 124
4. Conclusion 126
References 126
New Transitive Signature Scheme based on Discreted Logarithm Problem 128
Introduction 128
1. Definitions 129
2. New undirected transitive signature scheme 131
3. Correctness 133
4. Security 135
5. Conclusion 137
References 137
Blind signature schemes based on GOST signature 138
Introduction 138
1. GOST signature scheme 139
2. Blind GOST signature schemes 139
3. Conclusion 143
References 143
One-off Blind Public Key 144
Introduction 144
1. Definition and properties of one-off blind public key 144
2. Relative knowledge 145
2.1 The theorem comes from [5] 145
2.2 The Fiat-Shamir identification scheme 145
2.3 Group signature [2] 146
3. One-off blind public key protocol 146
3.1 The initialization of the trusted entity 146
3.2 Issue generative factor of blind public key for user 146
3.3 Calculation of blind public key 146
3.4 Verification of the validity of one-off blind public key. 147
3.5 Useing of one-off blind public key and the private key 147
4. Security analysis of one-off blind public key 148
5. The properties of one-off blind public key protocol 149
5.1 One transform blind signature 149
5.2 The check on one-off blind public key 150
5.3 The compose of one-off blind public key 150
5.4 The functions and the rights of the trusted entity 150
5.5 Comparison with group signature 151
6. Conclusion 151
References 151
Analysis on the two classes of Robust Threshold Key Escrow Schemes 152
1. Introduction 152
2. Review of two classes of robust threshold Key Escrow Schemes ( RTKES) 153
3. Our viewpoints 155
4. Analysis basis on KES 155
5. Analysis on RTKES1 156
5.1 Analysis on Improved RSA 156
5.2 Analysis on escrow protocol 156
5.3 Subliminal channel attack on communication protocol 156
5.4 Analysis of monitor protocol 157
6. Analysis on RTKES2 157
7. Tag 159
References 159
Privacy-Preserving Approximately Equation Solving over Reals 160
1. Introduction 160
2. Approximately Multi–party Computation over Reals 161
3. Secure Multi–Party Equation Solving Problems and Protocols 163
4. Summary and Future Work 164
References 165
An Authenticated Key Agreement Protocol Resistant to DoS attack 166
1. Introduction 166
2. AKAKC Protocol 167
3. DoS attack 168
4. An improved protocol which can defeat DoS attack 168
4.1 Basic idea of the improved protocol [3] 168
4.2 Description of the improved protocol 168
4.3 The analysis of the improved protocol 170
5. Summary 171
References 171
A comment on a multi-signature scheme 172
1. Introduction 172
2. Brief review of Burmester et al.’s scheme 172
3. Our attack 174
4. Summary 174
References 175
Cryptanalysis of LKK Proxy Signature 176
1. Introduction 176
2. Brief review of related schemes and our attack 177
2.1 Schnorr’s scheme [3] 177
2.2 LKK strong proxy signature scheme 177
3. Our attack 178
4. Summary 179
References 179
Attack on Identity-Based Broadcasting Encryption Schemes 180
1. Introduction 180
2. Identity-Based Broadcasting Scheme: MSL Scheme 1 181
3. MSL Scheme 2 and Its Analysis 184
3.1 MSL Scheme 2 184
3.2 Linear Attack on MSL Scheme 2 185
4. Remark on the Assumption of the Order of the Group 186
5. Conclusion 187
References 187
Differential-Linear Cryptanalysis of Camellia 188
1. Introduction 188
2. Description of the Camellia 189
3. 4-Round Distinguisher 190
4. Attacks on Camellia Reduced to 9 and 10 Rounds 192
5. Conclusion 194
References 194
Security Analysis of EV-DO System 196
1. INTRODUCTION 196
2. EV-DO Security Architecture 197
3. EV-DO User Authentication 197
4. Session security in the air interface 200
5. Security analysis and suggestion 200
5.1 Weak 200
5.2 Improvement 200
6. Conclusion 201
Acknowledgments 201
References 201
A Remedy of Zhu-Lee-Deng’s Public Key Cryptosystem 202
1. Introduction 202
2. Notions and Definitions 203
3. Our remedy scheme 205
4. Conclusions 208
Acknowledgments 208
References 208
Quantum cryptographic algorithm for classical binary information 210
1. Quantum cryptographic algorithm 211
2. Security analysis 213
3. Physical realization 214
4. Summary 214
Acknowledgments 215
References 215
Practical Quantum Key Distribution Network based on Stratospehre platform 216
1. Feasibility of stratosphere QKD network 217
2. Models of QKD network 218
3. Implementation and applications 222
4. Summary 222
References 222
A Survey of P2P Network Security Issues based on Protocol Stack 224
1. Introduction 224
2. Basic Concepts 225
2.1 The P2P Network 225
2.2 The P2P Network Security 226
3. Secure Demands Analysis of the P2P Network 227
3.1 P2P Computing 227
3.2 Cooperation Computing 227
3.3 File Sharing 228
4. The P2P Network Security Hidden Danger and Attack 228
4.1 Connection Layer 228
4.2 Service Layer 229
4.3 Application Layer 230
5. Conclusion 230
References 231
DDoS Scouter: A simple IP traceback scheme 232
1. Introduction 232
2. Multi-edge marking 235
2.1 Record route IP option[2] 235
2.2 Algorithm 235
2.3 Analysis 237
2.4 Authenticated multi-edge marking algorithm 237
3. DDoS Scouter 239
4. Simulation 240
5. Discussion 241
5.1 Fragmentation 241
5.2 Authentication 242
5.3 Cross-domains 242
6. Conclusion 242
References 243
A Method of Digital Data Transformation–Base91 244
1. Background of Invention 244
2. Contents of Invention 245
3. Conclusion 248
References 249
An approach to the formal analysis of TMN protocol 250
1. Introduction 250
2. The TMN protocol 251
3. Analysis of TMN protocol using Running-Mode 251
4. Attacks on the TMN protocol 254
5. Conclusion 258
References 258
Index 260
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Simple and Efficient Systematic A-codes from Error Correcting Codes (p. 33-34)

Cunsheng Ding, Xiaojian Tian, Xuesong Wang

Abstract: In this paper, we present a simple and generic construction of systematic authentication codes which are optimal with respect to several bounds. The construction is based on error correcting codes. The authentication codes provide the best level of security with respect to spoofing attacks of various orders, including the impersonation and substitution attacks. The encoding of source states and the authentication verification are very simple and are perhaps the most efficient among all authentication systems.

Keywords: authentication codes, cryptography, linear codes.


1. Introduction

Nowadays authentication and secrecy of messages are two basic security requirements in many computer and communication systems, and therefore two important areas in cryptography. Authentication codes are designed to provide sender and message authentication, and dates back to 1994 when Gilbert, MacWilliams and Sloane published the first paper in this area [see Gilbert, MacWilliams, Sloane, 1974]. Later Simmons [Simmos, 1984] developed a theory of unconditional authentication, which is analogous to Shannon’s theory of unconditional secrecy [Shannon, 1949].

During the last tweenty years codes that provide authentication and/or secrecy have been considered, and bounds and characterizations of these codes have been established, see, for example, [Gilbert, MacWilliams, Sloane, 1974], [Stinson 1990], [Casse, Martin, and Wild, 1998]. Most existing optimal authentication codes are constructed from combinatorial designs, and seem hard to implement. Even if some of them can be implemented in software or hardware, the implementation may not be efficient. In addition, these authentication codes provide protection against the imperson ation and substitution attacks, but may not provide protection against spoofing attacks of order more than 1.

The purpose of this paper is to present a simple and generic construction of systematic authentication codes with the following properties:

* The authentication codes are optimal with respect to certain bounds.

* They offer the best security with respect to not only impersonation and substitution atacks, but also spoofing attacks of higher orders.

* The encoding of source states and authentication are extremely efficient and can be easily implemented in both software and hardware.

The construction of authentication codes presented here is based on error correcting codes, and is different from other constructions of authentication codes, see [Bierauer 1997], [Bierbrauer, Johansson, Kabatianskii and Smeets 1993], [Gilbert, Mac Williams, Sloane, 1974], [Kabatianskii, Smeets, and Johansson, 1996], [Simmons 1984], [Safavi-Naini and Seberry 1991], [Safavi-Naini, Wang and Xing 2001], using error correcting codes, in the sense that error correcting codes are employed to construct only the source states here in this paper.