Sustainable Membrane Technology for Energy, Water, and Environment

Ahmad Fauzi Ismail is a Professor in the Faculty of Petroleum and Renewable Energy Engineering, and founder and head of the Advanced Membrane Technology Research Center (AMTEC) at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM). Currently he is the Dean of Research for the Materials and Manufacturing Research Alliance, UTM. He is the Fellow of the Academy of Sciences, Malaysia. Prof. Ismail is the Co-Editor of Desalination, the International Journal on the Science and Technology of Desalting and Water Purification. Prof. Ismail has published more than 200 papers in referred journals and more than 10 book chapters. Takeshi Matsuura is a Distinguished Visiting Professor at UTM and a Professor Emeritus in the Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering at the University of Ottawa, Canada. He is also a former member of the National Research Council of Canada. Prof. Matsuura is one of the prominent scientists in membrane science and technology for his enormous contributions in the field. He is one of the pioneers of nanofiber membrane applications for water treatment. His work has inspired an entire generation of membrane scientists and process engineers to apply fundamental scientific engineering principles in order to develop and deploy fouling and scaling monitoring and prevention methods. Prof. Matsuura has published over 350 papers in refereed journals.

FOREWORD ix PREFACE xi

CONTRIBUTORS xv

PART I MEMBRANE MATERIAL AND MEMBRANE DEVELOPMENT 1

1 Spinning Effect of Polyethersulfone Hollow Fiber Membrane Prepared by Water or Polyvinylpyrrolidone in Ternary Formulation 3
Nurmin Bolong, Ahmad Fauzi Ismail, and Mohd Razman Salim

2 Effect of Inorganic Particle on the Performance of Polyethersulfone-Cellulose Acetate Ultrafi ltration Membranes 11
Gangasalam Arthanareeswaran and Radhe Shyam Thakur

3 Characterizations of Newly Developed Bacterial Cellulose–Chitosan Membrane with Pyrroline 29
Siti Nur Hidayah Mohamad, Norhayati Pa’e, Abdul Halim Mohammad Yusof, and Ida Idayu Muhamad

4 Effect of Posttreatment to Enhance the Performance of Nanofi ltration Asymmetric Membrane in Atrazine-Herbicide Removing Process 41
Nora’aini Ali, Nurbaiti Abdul Hanid, Asmadi Ali, Ahmad Jusoh, and Marinah Ariffin

5 Polyacrylonitrile Nanofi ber Assembled by Electrospinning: Effect of Dope Concentrations on the Structural and Pore Characterizations 51
Agung Mataram, Ahmad Fauzi Ismail, and Takeshi Matsuura

PART II APPLICATIONS IN GAS AND VAPOR TREATMENT 59

6 Polymer Structures and Carbon Dioxide Permeation Properties in Polymer Membranes 61
Shinji Kanehashi, Shuichi Sato, and Kazukiyo Nagai

7 Gas Permeability and Electrical Properties of 6FDA-Based Polyimide Membranes 75
Shuichi Sato, Sou Miyata, Shinji Kanehashi, and Kazukiyo Nagai

8 Polymeric Nanocomposite Membranes for Gas Separation 87
Ghader Khanbabaei, Jamal Aalaei, and Ali Rahmatpour

9 Preparation of Perovskite Titania Ceramic Membrane by Sol-Gel Method 95
Abdul Latif Ahmad, Sani N. A. Abdullah, and Sharif Hussein Sharif Zein

PART III APPLICATIONS IN WATER TREATMENT 105

10 Fouling Characteristics and Cleaning Strategies of a PVDF Tubular Ultrafi ltration Membrane in Natural Rubber Skim Latex Concentration Process 107
Devaraj Veerasamy and Zairossani Mohd Nor

11 Removal of Diethanolamine (DEA) from Wastewater Using Membrane Separation Processes 123
Binyam Seyoum, Hilmi Mukhtar, and Kok Keong Lau

12 The Effect of Chitosan Membrane Preparation Parameters on Removal of Copper Ions 143
Azadeh Ghaee, Mojtaba Shariaty-Niassar, and Jalal Barzin

13 Analysis of Fouling and Flux Behavior in Cross-Flow Microfi ltration of Nonalcoholic Beer by Ceramic Membrane 157
Mehdi Yazdanshenas, Seyyed Ali Reza Tabatabaei Nejad, Mohammad Soltanieh, and Luc Fillaudeau

14 Comparison and Upgrading of Wastewater Treatment Plants for Wastewater Reclamation and Reuse by Means of Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) Technology 169
Mahdi Khosravi, Gagik Badalians Gholikandi, and Hamid Reza Tashaouei

PART IV APPLICATIONS IN ENVIRONMENT 179

15 Surface Treatment and Characterization of Polypropylene Hollow Fibers by Sol-Gel Method for Liquid Phase Microextraction 181
Mohd Marsin Sanagi, Yanuardi Raharjo, Wan Aini Wan Ibrahim, Ahmedy Abu Naim, Syairah Salleh, and Mazidatulakmam Miskam

16 Effect of Different Additives on the Properties and Performance of Porous Polysulfone Hollow Fiber Membranes for CO2 Absorption 191
Amir Mansourizadeh, Ahmad Fauzi Ismail, and Mohammad Ali Aroon

17 Absorption of Carbon Dioxide through Flat-Sheet Membranes Using Various Aqueous Liquid Absorbents 203
Abdul Latif Ahmad, Sunarti Abd Rahman, and W. James Noel Fernando

18 Preparation and Characterization of W/O Emulsion Liquid Membrane Containing Diethanolamine (DEA) for Carbon Dioxide Separation from Gas Mixtures 211
Khairul Sozana Nor Kamarudin and Inamullah Bhatti

19 Removal of Dyes from Liquid Waste Solution: Study on Liquid Membrane Component Selection and Stability 221
Norasikin Othman, Norlisa Mili, Ani Idris, and Siti Nazrah Zailani

PART V APPLICATIONS IN ENERGY 231

20 Modeling and Analysis of Solar-Powered Membrane Distillation Unit for Seawater Desalination 233
Fawzi Banat and Mohammed Al-Jarrah

21 Polystyrene Ionomers Functionalized with Partially Fluorinated Short Side-Chain Sulfonic Acid for Fuel Cell Membrane Applications 243
Ying Chang and Chulsung Bae

22 Contribution of Nanoclays to the Barrier Properties of SPEEK/Cloisite15A® Nanocomposite Membrane for DMFC Application 251
Juhana Jaafar and Ahmad Fauzi Ismail

23 Purification of Biogas Using Carbon Nanotubes Mixed Matrix Membrane: Effect of Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes Using Silane Agent 267
Tutuk Joko Kusworo, Abdullah Busairi, Ahmad Fauzi Ismail, Azeman Mustafa, and Bu
iyono

24 Selectivity of Polymeric Solvent Resistant Nanofiltration Membranes for Biodiesel Separation 277
Rahimah Othman, Abdul Wahab Mohammad, Manal Ismail, and Jumat Salimon

PART VI OTHER INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS 289

25 Pervaporation Performance of Methyl Tert Buthyl Ether/Methanol Mixtures through Natural Rubber/Polystyrene Interpenetrating Polymer Network Membranes 291
Mohd Ghazali Mohd Nawawi, Nur Azrini Ramlee, and Fathie Ahmad Zakil

26 P-Xylene Separation from Ternary Xylene Mixture Over Silicalite-1 Membrane: Process Optimization 299
Yin Fong Yeong, Ahmad Zuhairi Abdullah, Abdul Latif Ahmad, and Subhash Bhatia

27 Ammonia Removal from Saline Water by Direct Contact Membrane Distillation 309
Rosalam Sarbatly and Chel-Ken Chiam

INDEX 319