The Role of Solar Ultraviolet Radiation in Marine Ecosystems

Atmosphere and Basic Biological Dosimetry.- Preface to Section I.- UV-B Reaching the Surface.- Possible Anthropogenic Influences on Stratospheric Ozone.- Ozone Depletion Calculations.- On the Latitudinal and Seasonal Dependence of Ozone Perturbations.- Middle Ultraviolet Irradiance at the Ocean Surface: Measurements and Models.- The Effect of Perturbation of the Total Ozone Column Due to CFC on the Spectral Distribution of UV Fluxes and the Damaging UV Doses at the Ocean Surface: A Model Study.- Multi-Wavelength Determination of Total Ozone and Ultraviolet Irradiance.- Radiometric Measurements in the UV-B Region of Daylight.- Photobiological Dosimetry of Environmental Ultraviolet Radiation.- Action Spectra.- Some Thoughts on UV Action Spectra.- Action Spectra and Their Role in Solar UV-B Studies.- Action Spectra: Emphasis Mammalian Cells.- Dosage Units for Biologically Effective UV-B: A Recommendation.- Measuring Devices and Dosage Units.- The Sunburn UV Network and its Applicability for Biological Predictions.- Description and Application of a Personal Dosimeter for Measuring Exposure to Natural Ultraviolet Radiation.- Nomograms for Biologically Effective UV.- A Formula for Comparing Annual Damaging Ultraviolet (DUV) Radiation Doses at Tropical and Mid-Latitude Sites.- The Hydrosphere.- Preface to Section II.- Spectral Irradiance Penetration in Natural Waters.- A Method for the Estimation of the Penetration of Biologically Injurious Solar Ultraviolet Radiation into Natural Waters.- Yellow Substance in the Sea.- Note on the Role of Vertical Mixing in Relation to Effects of UV Radiation on the Marine Environment.- Photochemical Transformations Induced by Solar Ultraviolet Radiation in Marine Ecosystems.- Penetration of Solar UV-B into Waters off Iceland.- The Biosphere.-Preface to Section III.- Lethal Effects on Biological Systems Caused by Solar Ultraviolet Light: Molecular Considerations.- DNA Damage of the 5,6-Dihydroxydihydrothymine Type Induced by Solar UV-B in Human Cells.- Mechanisms of Actions of Longwave-UV on Marine Organisms.- Survival of the Brine Shrimp, Artemia Salina, After Exposure to 290-NM Ultraviolet Radiation, with and without Maximum Photoreactivation.- Photoreactivation: Mammalian Cells.- The Amelioration of UV-B Effects on Productivity by Visible Radiation.- Error Prone Repair-Emphasis Weigle Reactivation.- Sensitivity to UV-B Irradiation as Related to Bacterial Life Cycles.- Pigment Dispersion by Light in the Melanophores of the Fiddler Crab.- Yellow Lens Pigment: An Adaptation for Activity in Bright Sunlight.- Photomovement of Aquatic Organisms in Response to Solar UV.- Movement Reactions of Blue-Green Algae in Response to Their Photoenvironment.- Short-Term Responses of Some Planktonic Crustacea Exposed to Enhanced UV-B Radiation.- Review of Literature Concerning the Impact of UV-B Radiation Upon Marine Organisms.- Assessment of Effects of UV Radiation on Marine Fish Larvae.- The Effect of UV-B Irradiation on the Integument of the Marine Flatfish Pleuronectes Platessa L..- Assessment of the Influence of Enhanced UV-B on Marine Primary Productivity.- Modeling Light Loss Versus UV-B Increase for Organisms Which Control Their Vertical Position in the Water Column.- Effects of UV-B Radiation on Thalassiosira Pseudonana: A Preliminary Study.- The Effects of Ultraviolet Irradiation on Photosynthesis by Ruppia Maritima L. (Widgeon Grass).- Effects of UV Radiation on Photosynthesis of Natural Populations of Phytoplankton.- The Effect of High Intensity U.V. Radiation on Benthic Marine Algae.- The Effects of UV-B Irradiation on Higher Plants.- Preliminary Results Regarding the Spectral Efficiency of UV on the Depression of Photosynthesis in Higher Plants.- Possible Errors in Photosynthetic Measurements Arising from the Use of UV-Absorbing Cuvettes: Some Examples in Higher Plants.- Biological Interactions Between Wavelengths in the Solar-UV Range: Implications for the Predictive Value of Action Spectra Measurements.- Does Solar UV Influence the Competitive Relationship in Higher Plants.- A Model to Evaluate the Impact of Cyclically Recurring Hazards on Selected Populations.- Solar UV Radiation as a Selective Force in the Evolution of Terrestrial Plant Life.- Atmospheric Evolution and UV-B Radiation.- Some Considerations on the Ecological and Evolutionary Effects of Solar UV.- The Attenuation of Light by Marine Phytoplankton with Specific Reference to the Absorption of Near-UV Radiation.- Possible Influences of Solar UV Radiation in the Evolution of Marine Zooplankton.- List of Contributors.