Vehicle thermal Management Systems Conference and Exhibition (VTMS10)

The Institution of Mechanical Engineers (IMechE) is one of the leading professional engineering institutions in the world.

Cover image

Title page

Copyright

Co-Chairmen’s welcome message

Heat and A/C

Chapter 1: A practical approach to R-1234yf thermophysical property calculation and A/C system cycle analysis

ABSTRACT

1 INTRODUCTION

2 DEVELOPMENT OF THERMOPHYSICAL RELATIONSHIPS

3 A/C SYSTEM CYCLE ANALYSIS & DISCUSSION

4 CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Chapter 2: Automotive material investigation with low GWP refrigerant HFO-1234yf

ABSTRACT

1 INTRODUCTION

2 THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES

3 FLAMMABILITY

4 THERMAL STABIILITY

5 MATERIAL COMPATIBILITY

6 LUBRICANT MISCIBILITY

7 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

Chapter 3: Numerical investigation of energy-efficient heat-up strategies considering a comprehensive HVAC-system

ABSTRACT

1 INTRODUCTION

2 SYSTEM MODELLING

3 MODEL VALIDATION

4 SIMULATION RESULTS

5 CONCLUSION

Heat Exchange/Manufacture

Chapter 4: Flux free brazing of aluminium heat exchangers

ABSTRACT

1 INTRODUCTION

2 EXPERIMENTAL

3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

4 CONCLUSIONS

5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Chapter 5: Corrosion of aluminium Charge Air Coolers in exhaust gas condensates – application to Exhaust Gas Recirculation systems

1 INTRODUCTION

2 STATE OF THE ART

3 CORROSION PROCEDURE DESIGN

4 EXHAUST GAS CONDENSATE ANALYSIS

5 CONCLUSION

Chapter 6: A methodology for evaluation of charge air coolers for low pressure EGR systems with respect to corrosion

ABSTRACT

SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS

1 INTRODUCTION

2 APPROACH

3 RESULTS

4 SUMMARY

Chapter 7: New approach in microstructural analysis of a modified AA4XXX/AA3XXX brazing sheet before and after brazing

ABSTRACT

1 INTRODUCTION

2 EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE

3 RESULTS

4 DISCUSSION

5 CONCLUSIONS

6 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Chapter 8: Graphite foam heat exchanger for vehicles

ABSTRACT

NOMENCLATURE

Greek Symbols

Subscripts

1 INTRODUCTION

2 PHYSICAL MODEL AND ASSUMPTIONS

3 MATHEMATICAL FORMULATION AND NUMERICAL METHOD

4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

5 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

6 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

Chapter 9: Flat panels heat exchangers to improve the thermal management

ABSTRACT

1 INTRODUCTION

2 PROTOTYPE HEAT EXCHANGERS

3 VEHICLE DEMONSTRATOR

4 CONCLUSIONS AND NEXT STEPS

Chapter 10: The Wilson Plot – why it doesn’t work and what to do about it

ABSTRACT

1 INTRODUCTION

2 INACCURACY OF THE WILSON PLOT

3 THE NEW APPROACH

4 ANALYSIS PROCESS

5 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Chapter 11: Information for HFO-1234yf automotive plant and service shop implementation

ABSTRACT

1 INTRODUCTION

2 FLAMMABILITY PROPERTIES OF HFO-1234yf

3 POTENTIAL EU AUTOMOTIVE OEM PLANT IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES

4 INFORMATION FOR AIR CONDITIONING SERVICE SHOP IMPLEMENTATION

5 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

Engines

Chapter 12: Spatially resolved heat flux measurements from a HSDI engine over NEDC

ABSTRACT

1 INTRODUCTION

2 EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP

3 EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH

4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

5 CONCLUSION

Chapter 13: Investigation of temperature fields during stop-start operation of a spark ignition engine and the effect on engine behaviour after a restart

ABSTRACT

1 INTRODUCTION

2 ENGINE INSTRUMENTATION

3 EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS

4 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Chapter 14: A thermistor-based instrument for measuring vehicle cooling airflow

ABSTRACT

1 INTRODUCTION

2 THERMISTOR ANEMOMETRY

3 EXPERIMENTAL METHOD

4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

5 CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Chapter 15: Identification and optimization of the powertrain thermal system

ABSTRACT

1 INTRODUCTION

2 CONSTRUCTION OF THERMAL MODEL

3 HYBRID EVOLUTIONARY ALGORITHM

4 PARAMETER IDENTIFICATION

5 THERMAL SYSTEM OPTIMIZATION

6 CONCLUSION

7 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

Chapter 16: Analysis of energy flows in engine coolant, structure and lubricant during warm-up

ABSTRACT

1 INTRODUCTION

2 BACKGROUND

3 METHODOLOGY

4 RESULTS

5 DISCUSSION

6 CONCLUSIONS

7 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Chapter 17: Thermal coupling and energy flows between coolant, engine structure and lubricating oil during engine warm up

ABSTRACT

2 INTRODUCTION

3 PROMETS

4 INVESTIGATIONS OF WARM-UP AND FUEL CONSUMPTION

5 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Chapter 18: A high-resolution warm-up simulation model for a gasoline engine with advanced thermal control

ABSTRACT

1 INTRODUCTION

2 GENERAL CONCEPT OF WARM-UP SIMULATION

3 THE INTERACTION OF SIMULATION MODULES

4 HIGH-RESOLUTION SIMULATION MODULES

5 MODEL CALIBRATION FOR STATIONARY OPERATION

6 WARM-UP SIMULATION FOR THE NEDC

7 CONCLUSION

Chapter 19: Powertrain thermal modeling for vehicle simulation

ABSTRACT

NOTATION

1 INTRODUCTION

2 NUMERICAL METHODS

3 RESULTS

4 CONCLUSION

Chapter 20: The effectiveness of heating parts of the powertrain to improve vehicle fuel economy during warm-up

ABSTRACT

1 INTRODUCTION

2 MODEL DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION

3 INFLUENCING WARM-UP AND FUEL CONSUMPTION

4 CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

Chapter 21: A novel EGR system to improve engine performance of a diesel engine

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

EXPERIMENTAL APPARATUS

NEDC KEY POINT FOR STATIONARY ENGINE TEST

EGR COOLER CHARACTERISTICS FOR OPERATING CONDITIONS

EFFECT OF ENGINE PERFORMANCE BY EGR GAS TEMPERATURE

CONCLUSIONS

Chapter 22: CFD simulation of the fouling process in EGR coolers

ABSTRACT

2 INTRODUCTION

3 DEPOSITION MECHANISMS

4 NUMERICAL MODELLING

5 RESULTS

6 CONCLUSION AND OUTLOOK

7 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Alternative Powertrain

Chapter 23: Development of cooling system sign-off criteria for hybrid vehicles

ABSTRACT

1 INTRODUCTION

2 CUSTOMER EXPECTATIONS FOR HYBRID VEHICLE EV MODE AVAILABILITY (RISK ANALYSIS)

3 DEVELOPMENT OF NEW COOLING SYSTEM SIGN-OFF CRITERIA FOR HYBRID VEHICLES

4 Drive Cycle Validation Via Initial Physical Testing

5 CONCLUSIONS

Chapter 24: Evaluation of TEG potential in Hybrid Electric Vehicle by simulation

ABSTRACT

1 INTRODUCTION

2 TEG DETAILED MODEL

3 VEHICLE SIMULATION WITH TEG

4 CONCLUSIONS

5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Chapter 25: Balancing vehicle energy performance and thermal comfort: benefits of a multi-domain system simulation approach in the case of a power-split hybrid-electric vehicle

ABSTRACT

1 INTRODUCTION

2 DEVELOPMENT SCENARIO: OVERVIEW

3 STEP 1 - ENERGY MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES AND IMPACT ON FUEL CONSUMPTION

4 STEP 2 - THERMAL MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES AND IMPACT ON FUEL CONSUMPTION AND POLLUTANT EMISSIONS

5 STEP 3 – THERMAL MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES AND IMPACT ON CONSUMPTION AND THERMAL COMFORT

6 CONCLUSION

Chapter 26: Concept development and CAE for EV battery thermal management

ABSTRACT

1 INTRODUCTION

2 LI-ION CELL CHARACTERISTICS

3 BATTERY THERMAL MANAGEMENT

4 DETAILED THERMAL MODELING OF LI-ION CELLS (ON GOING DEVELOPMENT)

5 CONCLUSION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Chapter 27: Development of a detailed model for simulation and investigation of the thermal behaviour of electric vehicle traction batteries

ABSTRACT

1 INTRODUCTION

2 FUNDAMENTALS

3 MODEL LAYOUT

Chapter 28: Thermal modelling of the effects of a passive heat insulation on temperature distribution inside a battery

ABSTRACT

1 INTRODUCTION

2 STATE OF THE ART

3 THERMAL MODELLING

4 CONCLUSIONS

Chapter 29: Thermo electrochemical modeling of high capacity lithium-ion cells

ABSTRACT

1 INTRODUCTION

2 LITHIUM-ION CELLS

3 Research Approaches to Battery Cells

4 PHYSICS AND MATHEMATICAL EQUATIONS

5 THE MODEL DEFINITION

6 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

7 CONCLUSION

Chapter 30: Efficient thermally responsive coolant output and flow control for conventional and advanced propulsion systems

ABSTRACT

1 INTRODUCTION

2 CONTROLLABLE VARIABLE FLOW (CVF) TECHNOLOGY

3 IN-VEHICLE PROTOTYPE DESCRIPTION & TEST RESULTS

4 COOLANT PUMP OUTPUT AND THERMOSTATIC FLOW CONTROL

5 CVF DRIVE AND ACTUATION OPTIONS

6 PRIMARY COOLANT CIRCUIT APPLICATIONS

7 SECONDARY COOLING CIRCUIT APPLICATIONS

8 ADVANCED & EMERGING PROPULSION SYSTEMS APPLICATIONS

9 CONCLUSIONS

10 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Chapter 31: Design and development of an integrated EV cooling system

ABSTRACT

1 INTRODUCTION

2 THERMAL MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES

3 POWERTRAIN COOLING SYSTEM DESIGN

4 POWERTRAIN AND BATTERY SYSTEMS INTEGRATION

5 CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Chapter 32: Development of a thermal management control system for electric vehicles

ABSTRACT

1 INTRODUCTION

2 COOLING AND HEATING SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

3 CONTROL SYSTEM

4 CONCLUSIONS AND FURTHER WORK

5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Engines/Emissions

Chapter 33: Integrated thermal management for a downsized diesel engine with low CO2 emissions

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

1 MODELLING APPROACH

2 VALIDATION OF BASELINE MODEL

3 THERMAL MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES

4 SIMULATION RESULTS

5 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS

6 NEXT STEPS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Chapter 34: CO2 and emission reduction by means of heat storage in the powertrain

ABSTRACT

1 INTRODUCTION

2 ENGINE ENCAPSULATION CONCEPTS

3 IMPACTS OF DIFFERENT COMPONENTS ON HEAT STORAGE CAPABILITY

4 CO2 REDUCTION

5 THERMAL SAFETY

6 WEIGHT BALANCE / MATERIALS

7 OTHER BENEFITS

8 CONCLUSION

External and Internal Component Flows

Chapter 35: Predicting the windscreen demisting performance using CAE

ABSTRACT

1 INTRODUCTION

2 MODELLING

3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

4 CONCLUSIONS

Chapter 36: Transient thermal modelling of an Axial Flux Permanent Magnet (AFPM) machine with model parameter optimisation using a Monte Carlo method

ABSTRACT

1 INTRODUCTION

2 METHODOLOGY

3 EXPERIMENTAL SET UP

4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

5 CONCLUSIONS

Chapter 37: Fan modelling in CFD using RANS with MRF, limitations and consistency, a comparison between fans of different design

ABSTRACT

1 INTRODUCTION

2 METHODOLOGY

3 RESULTS

4 DISCUSSION

5 CONCLUSIONS

Chapter 38: Design of an innovative high-efficiency fan for engine cooling

ABSTRACT

1 INTRODUCTION

2 FAN ALTERNATIVES

3 ENGINE COOLING FAN REQUIREMENTS

4 BASIC DESIGN

5 OPTIMIZATION PROCEDURE USING CFD & DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS

6 EMPIRICAL TESTING

7 CONCLUSIONS

Chapter 39: Application of a hybrid computational aeroacoustics method to an automotive blower

ABSTRACT

1 INTRODUCTION

2 SIMULATION METHOD

3 APPLICATION TO AN AUTOMOTIVE CENTRIFUGAL BLOWER

4 CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Underhood

Chapter 40: Design and Analysis of Computer Experiments (DACE) and 3D Computation Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations for agricultural tractor cooling concept

ABSTRACT

2 INTRODUCTION

3 MATHEMATICAL MODEL

4 PROJECT

5 CONCLUSIONS

Chapter 41: Dual level vehicle heat rejection system

ABSTRACT

1 Introduction

2 Prototype System

3 Testing Procedures

4 Experimental Results

5 Next Steps

6 Conclusions

Chapter 42: Development of compact cooling system “SLIM”

ABSTRACT

1 INTRODUCTION

2 STRUCTURE

3 PRINCIPLE IN OPERATION

4 IMPROVEMENT OF HEAT TRANSFER

5 FACTORS OF IMPROVEMENT OF FUEL CONSUMPTION

6 APPLICATION TO SUPER-CHARGED PETROL ENGINE

7 VARIOUS DRIVING TESTS

8 ANALYSIS OF FUEL CONSUMPTION

9 APPLICATION TO CLEAN DIESEL ENGINE VEHICLE

10 OPTIMUM RATIO OF SUB-RADIATOR

11 CONCLUSION

Chapter 43: Thermal management concept of a taxi vehicle with rear engine application

ABSTRACT

1 INTRODUCTION

2 DESIGN PROPERTIES

3 DESIGN PROPERTIES

4 TESTS

5 FUTURE WORKS

6 CONCLUSION

Chapter 44: Virtual vehicle thermal management at Jaguar/Land Rover, reducing cost, development time and carbon footprint

ABSTRACT

1 INTRODUCTION

2 THERMAL MANAGEMENT CAE METHODS

3 DEVELOPMENT PROCESS CO2 REDUCTION

4 SUMMARY

Chapter 45: Minimising total vehicle energy consumption by balancing the aerodynamic benefit of an active grille shutter and the power consumption of the air conditioning compressor

ABSTRACT

1 INTRODUCTION

2 DESIGN AND FUNCTION OF THE ACTIVE GRILLE SHUTTER

3 EFFECT ON THE AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM

4 OPTIMISATION OF THE OVERALL VEHICLE ENERGY CONSUMPTION

5 CONTROL STRATEGY

6 CONCLUSIONS

Chapter 46: Small-scale dynamic test facility for automotive thermal management systems

ABSTRACT

1 INTRODUCTION

2 TEST FACILITY

3 DATA ACQUISITION AND CONTROL

4 I-95 DRIVE CYCLE

5 EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

6 CONCLUSIONS

Chapter 47: Factors affecting transient cooling system performance for arduous drive cycles

ABSTRACT

1 INTRODUCTION

2 EFFECT OF SYSTEM PARAMETERS ON TRANSIENT COOLING PERFORMANCE

3 EFFECT OF DRIVER STYLE ON TRANSIENT COOLING PERFORMANCE

4 COMPARISON OF COOLING SYSTEM SIGN OFF CONDITIONS

5 CONCLUSIONS

Chapter 48: Unsteady method for thermal vehicle prediction

1 ABSTRACT

2 INTRODUCTION

3 PREVIOUS SIMULATION TECHNIQUES

4 EXPERIMENT

5 SIMULATION

6 WORKFLOW IMPLEMENTATION

7 CONCLUSIONS

Chapter 49: Numerical simulation of exhaust system temperatures taking into account thermal interactions with the vehicle environment

ABSTRACT

1 INTRODUCTION

2 MODELLING STRATEGY

3 DESCRIPTION OF MODEL and Analysis

4 RESULTS

5 CONCLUSION

Heat and A/C Vehicle Comfort

Chapter 50: Combination of a 1D tool and CFD results for a cool down simulation

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

SIMULATION

CABIN MODEL

WORKFLOW FOR THE DATA INPUT OF A CABIN MODEL

AIR CONDITIONING CIRCUIT

TRANSIENT BEHAVIOR OF THE HVAC AIR PATH

FULL SIMULATION MODEL

SIMULATION BASE LINE

CONCLUSION

Chapter 51: 3D Thermal simulation of a vehicle cabin with a view to reducing air conditioning loads

ABSTRACT

1 INTRODUCTION

2 SIMULATION APPROACH

3 RESULTS

4 DISCUSSION

5 CONCLUSION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Chapter 52: Distributed energy system simulation of a vehicle

ABSTRACT

1 INTRODUCTION

2 METHODOLOGY FOR CREATING AND EXECUTING A CO-SIMULATION

3 SIMULATION OF A COACH’S THERMAL SYSTEM

4 SIMULATION RESULTS

5 CONCLUSIONS

Chapter 53: Exhaust system heat exchanger design for thermal energy recovery in passenger vehicle applications

ABSTRACT

1 INTRODUCTION

2 THERMOELECTRIC GENERATOR (TEG) HEAT EXCHANGER MODELS

3 HEAT TRANSAFER ENHANCEMENT OF THE TEG

4 BACK PRESSURE DEVELOPMENT BY THE EXHAUST SYSTEM COMPONENTS AND THE TEG

5 CONCLUSIONS

Chapter 54: Influence of vehicle age on build-up of carbon dioxide in cabin to monitor indoor air quality (IAQ)

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

LITERATURE REVIEW

CURRENT INVESTIGATION

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

DISCUSSIONS ON SAFETY ISSUES

CONCLUSIONS

FUTURE WORK

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Chapter 55: TOPMACS: Thermally OPerated Mobile Air Conditioning Systems

ABSTRACT

1 INTRODUCTION

2 SILICA GEL/WATER PROTOTYPE SORPTION COOLER DEVELOPMENT AND LABORATORY TESTS

3 ON BOARD OVERALL SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING

4 SUMMARY ON PASSENGER CAR APPLICATION

5 ZEOLITE/WATER ADSORPTION COOLING SYSTEM AND OVERALL DESIGN FOR TRCK INSTALLATION

6 PERFORMANCE EVALUATION ON THE TRUCK

7 SUMMARY TRUCK APPLICATION

8 CONCLUSIONS

9 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Chapter 56: PHEV/EV integrated vehicle thermal management – development of a KULI model to assess combined cooling loops

ABSTRACT

1 INTRODUCTION

2 COMBINED COOLING LOOPS

3 APPROACH

4 MODELS

5 RESULTS

6 CONCLUSIONS

7 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Author Index