Progress in Medical Radiation Physics

1-I. The Tracking Cobalt Project: From Moving-Beam Therapy to Three-Dimensional Programmed Irradiation.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Establishing Moving-Beam Techniques at the Royal Northern Hospital, 1945–1955.- 3. The Tracking Concept and the Operation of the Mark I Tracking Machine, 1957–1959.- 4. Steps Toward an Improved Tracking Machine, 1960–1965.- 5. Dosimetry and Treatment Planning for the Mark II Tracking Machine.- 6. Alternative Approaches to Conformation Therapy under Parallel Development Elsewhere—Synchronous Beam-Shaping and Shielding.- 7. Constructing and Installing the Mark II Tracking Machine, 1965–1970.- 8. Commissioning and Using the Mark II Tracking Machine, 1970–1975.- 9. Developing and Commissioning the Mark III Tracking Cobalt Machine, 1975–1980.- 10. Alternative Approaches to Computer-Controlled Radiotherapy.- References.- 1-II. Physical Aspects of Conformation Therapy Using Computer-Controlled Tracking Units.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Methods for Achieving Conformation Therapy Using Photon Beams.- 3. Representing Three-Dimensional Treatment Parameters.- 4. Controlling Radiotherapy Dose Distributions in Three Dimensions Using a Computer-Controlled Tracking Unit.- 5. A Note on Treatment-Planning Strategy.- 6. Basic Treatment Methods.- 7. Some Examples of Physics Planning Procedures.- 8. Tumor (Target) Localization.- 9. The Experimental Verification of Treatment Plans.- References.- 1-III. Computer Systems for the Control of Teletherapy Units.- 1. The Teletherapy Unit.- 2. Interface with the Computer.- 3. Programming the Therapy Unit.- 4. The Computer System.- 5. Safety and Control Monitoring.- 6. Future Developments.- References.- 2. Measurement of Human Body Composition in Vivo.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Aims of Studies of Human Body Composition.-3. Selection of Aspects of Body Composition to be Measured.- 4. Determination of the Elementary Composition of the Body.- 5. Estimation of the Masses of Fat and Fat-Free Tissue.- 6. Analysis of the Fat-Free Mass into Water, Protein, and Minerals.- 7. Estimation of the Masses of Individual Tissues.- 8. Future Developments.- References.- 3. Medical Applications of Elemental Analysis Using Fluorescence Techniques.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Principles of Fluorescence X-Ray Emission.- 3. Detection and Analysis of Fluorescence X Rays.- 4. Excitation Modes.- 5. Summary.- References.- 4. Basic Imaging Properties of Radiographic Systems and Their Measurement.- 1. Introduction.- 2. X-Ray Sensitometry.- 3. Resolution Properties of Radiographic Imaging Systems.- 4. Radiographic Noise.- References.