Physical and Computational Aspects of Convective Heat Transfer

1 Introduction.- 1.1 Momentum Transfer.- 1.2 Heat and Mass Transfer.- 1.3 Relations between Heat and Momentum Transfer.- l.4 Coupled and Uncoupled Flows.- 1.5 Units and Dimensions.- l.6 Outline of the Book.- Problems.- References.- 2 Conservation Equations for Mass, Momentum, and Energy.- 2.1 Continuity Equation.- 2.2 Momentum Equations.- 2.3 Internal Energy and Enthalpy Equations.- 2.4 Conservation Equations for Turbulent Flow.- 2.5 Equations of Motion: Summary.- Problems.- References.- 3 Boundary-Layer Equations.- 3.l Uncoupled Flows.- 3.2 Estimates of Density Fluctuations in Coupled Turbulent Flows.- 3.3 Equations for Coupled Turbulent Flows.- 3.4 Integral Equations.- 3.5 Boundary Conditions.- 3.6 Thin-Shear-Layer Equations: Summary.- Problems.- References.- 4 Uncoupled Laminar Boundary Layers.- 4.1 Similarity Analysis.- 4.2 Two-Dimensional Similar Flows.- 4.3 Two-Dimensional Nonsimilar Flows.- 4.4 Axisymmetric Flows.- 4.5 Wall Jets and Film Cooling.- Problems.- References.- 5 Uncoupled Laminar Duct Flows.- 5.1 Fully Developed Duct Flow.- 5.2 Thermal Entry Length for a Fully Developed Velocity Field.- 5.3 Hydrodynamic and Thermal Entry Lengths.- Problems.- References.- 6 Uncoupled Turbulent Boundary Layers.- 6.1 Composite Nature of a Turbulent Boundary Layer.- 6.2 The Inner Layer.- 6.3 The Outer Layer.- 6.4 The Whole Layer.- 6.5 Two-Dimensional Boundary Layers with Zero Pressure Gradient.- 6.6 Two-Dimensional Flows with Pressure Gradient.- 6.7 Wall Jets and Film Cooling.- Problems.- References.- 7 Uncoupled Turbulent Duct Flows.- 7.1 Fully Developed Duct Flow.- 7.2 Thermal Entry Length for a Fully Developed Velocity Field.- 7.3 Hydrodynamic and Thermal Entry Lengths.- Problems.- References.- 8 Free Shear Flows.- 8.1 Two-Dimensional Laminar Jet.- 8.2 Laminar Mixing Layer between Two Uniform Streams at Different Temperatures.- 8.3 Two-Dimensional Turbulent Jet.- 8.4 Turbulent Mixing Layer between Two Uniform Streams at Different Temperatures.- 8.5 Coupled Flows.- Problems.- References.- 9 Buoyant Flows.- 9.1 Natural-Convection Boundary Layers.- 9.2 Combined Natural- and Forced-Convection Boundary Layers.- 9.3 Wall Jets and Film Heating or Cooling.- 9.4 Natural and Forced Convection in Duct Flows.- 9.5 Natural Convection in Free Shear Flows.- Problems.- References.- 10 Coupled Laminar Boundary Layers.- 10.1 Similar Flows.- 10.2 Nonsimilar Flows.- 10.3 Shock-Wave/Shear-Layer Interaction.- 10.4 A Prescription for Computing Interactive Flows with Shocks.- Problems.- References.- 11 Coupled Turbulent Boundary Layers.- 11.1 Inner-Layer Similarity Analysis for Velocity and Temperature Profiles.- 11.2 Transformations for Coupled Turbulent Flows.- 11.3 Two-Dimensional Boundary Layers with Zero Pressure Gradient.- 11.4 Two-Dimensional Flows with Pressure Gradient.- 11.5 Shock-Wave/Boundary-Layer Interaction.- References.- 12 Coupled Duct Flows.- 12.1 Laminar Flow in a Tube with Uniform Heat Flux.- 12.2 Laminar, Transitional and Turbulent Flow in a Cooled Tube.- References.- 13 Finite-Difference Solution of Boundary-Layer Equations.- 13.1 Review of Numerical Methods for Boundary-Layer Equations.- 13.2 Solution of the Energy Equation for Internal Flows with Fully Developed Velocity Profile.- 13.3 Fortran Program for Internal Laminar and Turbulent Flows with Fully Developed Velocity Profile.- 13.4 Solution of Mass, Momentum, and Energy Equations for Boundary-Layer Flows.- 13.5 Fortran Program for Coupled Boundary-Layer Flows.- References.- 14 Applications of a Computer Program to Heat-Transfer Problems.- 14.1 Forced and Free Convection between Two Vertical Parallel Plates.- 14.2 Wall Jet and Film Heating.- 14.3 Turbulent Free Jet.- 14.4 Mixing Layer between Two Uniform Streams at Different Temperatures.- References.- Appendix A Conversion Factors.- Appendix B Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids, Liquid Metals, and Metals.- Appendix C Gamma, Beta and Incomplete Beta Functions.- Appendix D Fortran Program for Head’s Method.