Neurobiology of Mental Illness

Dennis S. Charney, MD is Dean at Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Executive Vice President for Academic Affairs, The Mount Sinai Medical Center, and Anne and Joel Ehrenkranz Professor in the Departments of Psychiatry, Neuroscience, and Pharmacology & Systems Therapeutics at Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York, NY. Eric J. Nestler, MD, PhD is Chair of Neuroscience, Director of the Mount Sinai Brain Institute, and Nash Family Professor of Neuroscience at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York, NY.

CONTRIBUTORS ; PART I INTRODUCTION TO BASIC NEUROSCIENCE ; SECTION EDITOR: ERIC J. NESTLER ; INTRODUCTION: ERIC J. NESTLER ; 1. OVERVIEW OF BRAIN DEVELOPMENT ; JOHN L.R. RUBENSTEIN AND STEWART A. ANDERSON ; 2. NEUROCHEMICAL SYSTEMS IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM ; ARIEL Y. DEUTCH AND ROBERT H. ROTH ; 3. USING BASIC ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY TO UNDERSTAND THE NEUROBIOLOGY OF MENTAL ILLNESS ; OF MENTAL ILLNESS ; EVELYN K. LAMBE AND GEORGE K. AGHAJANIAN ; 4. PRINCIPLES OF SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION ; JEAN-ANTOINE GIRAULT AND PAUL GREENGARD ; 5. MECHANISMS OF NEURAL PLASTICITY ; ERIC J. NESTLER AND STEVEN E. HYMAN ; 6. PRINCIPLES OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY ; STEVEN E. HYMAN AND ERIC J. NESTLER ; 7. FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS AND MODELS OF MENTAL ILLNESS ; LISA M. MONTEGGIA, WILLIAM A. CARLEZON JR, AND RALPH J. DILEONE ; 8. EPIGENETICS OF PSYCHIATRIC DISEASES ; BRYAN E. MCGILL AND HUDA Y. ZOGHBI ; PART II METHODS OF CLINICAL NEUROBIOLOGICAL RESEARCH ; SECTION EDITOR: CAROL A. TAMMINGA ; INTRODUCTION: CAROL A. TAMMINGA ; 9. CONTRIBUTIONS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY TO THE NEUROBIOLOGY OF MENTAL ILLNESS ; KATHLEEN R. MERIKANGAS AND AMANDA KALAYDJIAN ; 10. BASIC METHODS FOR CLINICAL MOLECULAR GENETICS OF PSYCHIATRIC ILLNESS ; JOEL GELERNTER AND JAAKKO LAPPALAINEN ; 11. NEUROCOGNITIVE ASSESSMENT FOR PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS ; MICHAEL F. GREEN, JUNGHEE LEE, AND ROBERT S. KERN ; 12. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE: BRIDGING THINKING AND FEELING TO THE BRAIN, AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR PSYCHIATRY ; CAMERON S. CARTER, JOHN G. KERNS, AND JONATHAN D. COHEN ; 13. NEUROIMAGING METHODS USING NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE ; HANZHANG LU AND YIHONG YANG ; 14. MOLECULAR BRAIN IMAGING RESEARCH IN MENTAL ILLNESS ; JONG-HOON KIM, DIANA MARTINEZ, MARK SLIFSTEIN, AND ANISSA ABI-DARGHAM ; 15. HUMAN POSTMORTEM BRAIN RESEARCH IN MENTAL ILLNESS SYNDROMES ; MONICA BENEYTO, ETIENNE SIBILLE, AND DAVID A. LEWIS ; 16. NEUROIMMUNOLOGY ; JOHN M. PETITTO, DEAN G. CRUESS, MARTIN J. REPETTO, DAVID R. GETTES, TAMI BENTON, AND DWIGHT L. EVANS ; 17. DRUG DISCOVERY AND DEVELOPMENT METHODS FOR MENTAL ILLNESS ; GARY D. TOLLEFSON ; PART III PSYCHOSES ; SECTION EDITOR: JEFFREY LIEBERMAN ; INTRODUCTION: JEFFREY LIEBERMAN ; 18. DIAGNOSIS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA ; MICHAEL B. FIRST ; 19. GENETICS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA ; XIANGNING CHEN, BRIEN RILEY AND KENNETH S. KENDLER ; 20. NEUROBIOLOGICAL THEORIES OF SCHIZOPHRENIA ; DAVID A. LEWIS AND DAVID W. VOLK ; 21. POSTMORTEM AND NN VIVO STRUCTURAL PATHOLOGY IN SCHIZOPHRENIA ; ANDREW J. DWORK, JOHN F. SMILEY, TIZIANO CALIBAZZI, MATTHEW J. HOPTMAN ; 22. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING IN SCHIZOPHRENIA ; AYSENIL BELGER AND DEANNA M. BARCH ; 23. THE NEUROCHEMISTRY OF SCHIZOPHRENIA: A FOCUS ON DOPAMINE AND GLUTAMATE ; ANISSA ABI-DARGHAM ; 24. PRINCIPLES OF PHARMACOTHERAPY OF SCHIZOPHRENIA ; CAROL A. TAMMINGA ; PART IV MOOD DISORDERS ; SECTION EDITOR: CHARLES B. NEMEROFF ; INTRODUCTION: CHARLES B. NEMEROFF ; 25. DIAGNOSTIC CLASSIFICATION OF MOOD DISORDERS: HISTORICAL CONTEXT AND IMPLICATIONS FOR NEUROBIOLOGY ; S. NASSIR GHAEMI, AND FREDERICK K. GOODWIN ; 26. GENETICS OF MOOD DISORDERS ; FALK W. LOHOFF AND WADE H. BERRETTINI ; 27. ANIMAL MODELS OF MOOD DISORDERS ; INGE SILLABER, FLORIAN HOLSBOER, AND CARSTEN T. WOTJAK ; 28. CELLULAR PLASTICITY CASCADES: GENES TO BEHAVIOR PATHWAYS IN THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND TREATMENT OF BIPOLAR DISORDER ; LISA A. CATAPANO, GUANG CHEN, JING DU, CARLOS A. ZARATE, JR., AND HUSSEINI K. MANJI ; 29. NEUROCHEMICAL THEORIES OF DEPRESSION: PRECLINIAL STUDIES ; RONALD S. DUMAN ; 30. THE NEUROCHEMISTRY OF DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS: CLINICAL STUDIES ; BOADIE DUNLOP ; 31. NEUROIMAGING STUDIES OF MOOD DISORDERS ; WAYNE C. DREVETS ; 32. PRINCIPLES OF THE PHARMACOLOGY OF DEPRESSION ; ROBERT M. BERMAN, JONATHAN SPORN, JOSEPH K. BELANOFF, DENNIS S. CHARNEY, AND ALAN SCHATZBERG ; 33. ABNORMALITIES OF BRAIN STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION IN MOOD DISORDERS ; VICTORIA ARANGO AND J. JOHN MANN ; 34. NOVEL TARGETS FOR ANTIDEPRESSANT TREATMENTS ; OLIVIER BERTON AND ERIC J. NESTLER ; 35. THE NEUROBIOLOGY OF MENSTRUAL-CYCLE RELATED MOOD DISORDERS ; DAVID R. RUBINOW, PETER J. SCHMIDT, SAMANTHA MELTZER-BRODY, AND VERONICA HARSH ; 36. DEPRESSION AND MEDICAL ILLNESS ; TAMI D. BENTON, PAUL CRITS-CHRISTOPH, BENOIT DUBE, AND DWIGHT L. EVANS ; PART V ANXIETY DISORDERS ; SECTION EDITOR: ANTONIA NEW ; INTRODUCTION: ANTONIA NEW ; 37. DIAGNOSTIC CLASSIFICATION OF ANXIETY DISORDERS: DSM-V AND BEYOND ; MURRAY B. STEIN AND O. JOSEPH BIENVENU ; 38. THE MOLECULAR GENETICS OF ANXIETY DISORDERS ; STEVEN P. HAMILTON AND ABBY J. FYER ; 39. THE NEUROBIOLOGY OF FEAR AND ANXIETY: CONTRIBUTIONS OF ANIMAL MODELS TO CURRENT UNDERSTANDING ; GREGORY M. SULLIVAN, JACEK DEBIEC, DAVID E. A. BUSH, DAVID M. LYONS, AND JOSEPH E. LEDOUX ; 40. STRESS-INDUCED STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL PLASTICITY IN THE BRAIN: PROTECTION, DAMAGE AND BRAIN-BODY COMMUNICATION ; BRUCE S. MCEWEN ; 41. THE NEUROBIOLOGY OF ANXIETY DISORDERS ; AMIR GARAKANI, JAMES W. MURROUGH, DENNIS S. CHARNEY, AND DOUGLAS BREMNER ; 42. THE NEUROBIOLOGY AND TREATMENT OF OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE DISORDER ; SUSAN E. SWEDO AND PAUL GRANT ; 43. NEUROIMAGING STUDIES OF ANXIETY DISORDERS ; JUSTINE M. KENT AND SCOTT L. RAUCH ; 44. PHARMACOTHERAPY OF ANXIETY DISORDERS ; SANJAY J. MATHEW, ELLEN J. HOFFMAN, AND DENNIS S. CHARNEY ; 45. ANIMAL MODELS OF ADDICTION ; ELIOT L. GARDNER AND ROY A. WISE ; PART VI SUBSTANCE ABUSE DISORDERS ; SECTION EDITOR: STEVEN E. HYMAN ; INTRODUCTION: STEVEN E. HYMAN ; 46. CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF DRUG ADDICTION ; ERIC J. NESTLER ; 47. GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY OF SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS ; KATHLEEN R. MERIKANGAS AND KEVIN P. CONWAY ; 48. EFFECTS OF DRUGS OF ABUSE ON BRAIN DEVELOPMENT ; BARRY M. LESTER AND BARRY E. KOSOFSKY ; 49. PET AND SPECT IMAGING IN SUBSTANCE ABUSE RESEARCH ; JOANNA S. FOWLER AND NORA D. VOLKOW ; 50. BRAIN REWARD AND FMRI ; P. READ MONTAGUE AND PEARL H. CHIU ; 51. PRINCIPLES OF THE PHARMACOTHERAPY OF ADDICTIVE DISORDERS ; CHARLES P. O'BRIEN AND CHARLES DACKIS ; PART VII DEMENTIA ; SECTION EDITOR: MARY SANO ; INTRODUCTION: MARY SANO ; 52. THE GENETICS AND PATHOGENESIS OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE AND RELATED DEMENTIAS ; JOHN HARDY ; 53. DIAGNOSTIC CLASSIFICATIONS: RELATIONSHIP TO THE NEUROBIOLOGY OF DEMENTIA ; STEVEN DANIEL I. KAUFER AND STEVEN T. DEKOSKY ; 54. TRANSGENIC MODELS OF DEMENTIAS ; GREGORY A. ELDER ; 55. FUNCTIONAL NEUROANATOMY OF LEARNING AND MEMORY ; GARY L. WENK ; 56. NEUROCHEMICAL SYSTEMS INVOLVED IN LEARNING AND MEMORY ; JOANNE BERGER-SWEENEY, LAURA R. SCHAEVITZ, AND KARYN FRICK ; 57. NEUROPATHOLOGICAL AND NEUROIMAGING STUDIES OF THE HIPPOCAMPUS IN NORMAL AGING AND IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE ; EFFIE M. MITSIS, MACIEK BOBINSKI, MIROSLAW BRYS, LIDIA GLODZIK-SOBANSKA, SUSAN DE SANTI, YI LI, BYEONG-CHE KIM, LISA MOSCONI, AND MONY J. DE LEON ; 58. ABNORMALITIES IN BRAIN STRUCTURE ON POSTMORTEM ANALYSIS OF DEMENTIA ; DANIEL P. PERL ; 59. FUNCTIONAL BRAIN IMAGING STUDIES IN DEMENTIA ; MONTE S. BUCHSBAUM, ADAM BRICKMAN, JING ZHANG, AND ERIN A. HAZLETT ; 60. PRINCIPLES OF PHARMACOTHERAPY OF DEMENTIA ; CHRISTINE BERGMANN AND MARY SANO ; 61. COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT IN DEMYELINATING DISEASE ; THOMAS M. HYDE ; 62. DEMENTIA WITH LEWY BODIES ; DAVID J. BURN, ELAINE K. PERRY, JOHN T. O'BRIEN, NEIL ARCHIBALD, ELIZABETA B. MUKAETOVA-LADINSKA, JOAQUIM CEREJEIRA, DANIEL COLLERTON, EVELYN JAROS, ROBERT PERRY, MARGARET A. PIGGOTT, CHRIS M. MORRIS, ANDREW MCLAREN, CLIVE G. BALLARD, AND IAN G. MCKEITH ; 63. DEMENTIA IN PARKINSON'S DISEASE ; MARTIN GOLDSTEIN AND C. WARREN OLANOW ; 64. MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT ; BRENDAN J. KELLEY AND RONALD C. PETERSEN ; 65. FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIA ; STEVEN Z. CHAO, INDRE VISKONTAS, AND BRUCE L. MILLER ; 66. VASCULAR DEMENTIA ; NANCY NIELSEN-BROWN AND HELENA C. CHUI ; PART VIII PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS OF CHILDHOOD ONSET ; SECTION EDITOR: DANIEL PINE ; INTRODUCTION: DANIEL PINE ; 67. THE NEUROBIOLOGY OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES ; ANTONIO Y. HARDAN AND ALLAN L. REISS ; 68. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE APPROACHES TO TYPICAL AND ATYPICAL DEVELOPMENT ; B.J. CASEY AND SARAH DURSTON ; 69. THE NEUROBIOLOGY OF IMPULSIVITY AND SELF-REGULATORY CONTROL IN CHILDREN WITH ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER ; KERSTIN J. PLESSEN AND BRADLEY S. PETERSON ; 70. CHILDHOOD ANXIETY DISORDERS: A COGNITIVE NEUROBIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE ; CHRISTOPHER S. MONK AND DANIEL S. PINE ; 71. MOLECULAR GENETICS OF CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENT ONSET PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS ; JEREMY VEENSTRA-VANDERWEELE, RANDY D. BLAKELY, AND EDWIN H. COOK, JR. ; 72. PEDIATRIC BIPOLAR DISORDER ; ELLEN LEIBENLUFT ; 73. NEUROBIOLOGY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT DEPRESSION ; JOAN KAUFMAN, ANDRES MARTIN, AND HILARY BLUMBERG ; 74. STRUCTURAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING OF TYPICAL PEDIATRIC BRAIN DEVELOPMENT ; JAY N. GIEDD, SAMANTHA WHITE, AND MARK CELANO ; 75. TOURETTE'S SYNDROME AND TIC REALTED DISORDERS IN CHILDREN ; PAUL J. LOMBROSO, MICHAEL H. BLOCK, AND JAMES F. LECKMAN ; 76. THE NEUROBIOLOGY OF CHILDHOOD PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS ; NITIN GOGTAY AND JUDITH RAPOPORT ; 77. DEVELOPMENTAL PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOPATHOLOGY ; MIKE RUTTER ; 78. NEUROBIOLOGY OF AUTISM AND THE PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS ; SARAH SPENCE, PAUL GRANT, AUDREY THURM, AND SUSAN SWEDO ; PART IX SPECIAL TOPIC AREAS ; SECTION EDITOR: ANTONIA NEW ; 79. NEUROPSYCHIATRY: THE BORDER BETWEEN NEUROLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY ; WILLIAM M. MCDONALD AND MICHAEL S. OKUN ; 80. THE NEUROBIOLOGY OF PERSONALITY DISORDERS ; ANTONIA S. NEW, JOSEPH TRIEBWASSER AND MARIANNE GOODMAN ; 81. THE NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGGRESSION ; R. J. R. BLAIR ; 82. SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION AND PHARMACOLOGICAL TREATMENT: BIOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS ; STUART N. SEIDMAN, STEVEN P. ROOSE, RAYMOND C. ROSEN ; 83. THE NEUROBIOLOGY OF SOCIAL ATTACHMENT ; THOMAS R. INSEL AND JAMES T. WINSLOW ; 84. THE NEUROBIOLOGY OF EATING DISORDERS ; WALTER KAYE, MICHAEL STROBER, AND DAVID JIMERSON ; 85. THE NEUROBIOLOGY OF SLEEP ; GIULIO TONONI AND CHIARA CIRELLI ; 86. THE NEUROBIOLOGY OF RESILIENCE ; MARGARET HAGLUND, PAUL NESTADT, NICOLE S. COOPER, STEVEN SOUTHWICK, AND DENNIS S. CHARNEY ; 87. A BRIEF HISTORY OF NEURAL EVOLUTION ; DANIEL R. WILSON