Resonant Power Converters

Marian K. Kazimierczuk, PhD, DSci, is the Robert J. Kegerreis Distinguished Professor of Teaching and was Brage Golding Distinguished Professor of Research Award at Wright State University. D. Kazimierczuk has taught graduate courses in high-frequency power electronics for more than twenty years in the Department of Electrical Engineering. He has won the Board of Trustees’ Award for Faculty Excellence, several Excellence in Teaching and Research Awards from Wright State University, the Outstanding Teaching Award from the American Society for Engineering Education, and the National Professorship of Technical Sciences awarded by the President of Poland. He holds seven patents and is the author of six books, 145 peer-reviewed journal papers, and 190 conference papers. Dr. Kazimierczuk is an IEEE Fellow and also an Associate Editor of the IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics and International Journal of Circuit Theory and Application. Dariusz Czarkowski, PhD, is an Associate Professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the Polytechnic Institute of New York University. His research focuses on power electronics and power systems.

PREFACE xxi

ABOUT THE AUTHORS xxv

LIST OF SYMBOLS xxvii

I Introduction 1

1.1 References 5

PART I RECTIFIERS 7

2 Class D Current-Driven Rectifiers 9

2.1 Introduction 9

2.2 Assumptions 10

2.3 Class D Half-Wave Rectifier 10

2.4 Class D Transformer Center-Tapped Rectifier 20

2.5 Class D Bridge Rectifier 28

2.6 Effects of Equivalent Series Resistance and Equivalent Series Inductance 34

2.7 Synchronous Rectifiers 38

3 Class D Voltage-Driven Rectifiers 47

3.1 Introduction 47

3.2 Assumptions 47

3.3 Class D Half-Wave Rectifier 48

3.4 Class D Transformer Center-Tapped Rectifier 56

3.5 Class D Bridge Rectifier 62

3.6 Synchronous Rectifiers 66

4 Class E Low dv/dt Rectifiers 72

4.1 Introduction 72

4.2 Low dv/dt Rectifier with a Parallel Capacitor 72

4.3 Resonant Low dv/dt Rectifier 90

5 Class E Low di/dt Rectifiers 109

5.1 Introduction 109

5.2 Low di/dt Rectifier with a Parallel Inductor 109

5.3 Low di/dt Rectifier with a Series Inductor 125

PART II INVERTERS 141

6 Class D Series-Resonant Inverter 143

6.1 Introduction 143

6.2 Circuit Description 144

6.3 Principle of Operation 146

6.4 Topologies of Class D Voltage-Source Inverters 152

6.5 Analysis 155

6.6 Voltage Transfer Function 166

6.7 Efficiency 170

6.8 Design Example 177

6.9 Class D Full-Bridge Series-Resonant Inverter 180

6.10 RelationshipsAmong Inverters and Rectifiers 187

7 Class D Parallel-Resonant Inverter 193

7.1 Introduction 193

7.2 Principle of Operation 193

7.3 Analysis 197

7.4 Short-Circuit and Open-Circuit Operation 219

7.5 Electronic Ballast for Fluorescent Lamps 223

7.6 Design Example 225

7.7 Full-Bridge Parallel-Resonant Inverter 227

8 Class D Series-Parallel-Resonant Inverter 235

8.1 Introduction 235

8.2 Principle of Operation 235

8.3 Analysis 237

8.4 Design Example 254

8.5 Full-Bridge Series-Parallel-Resonant Inverter 257

9 Class D CLL Resonant Inverter 262

9.1 Introduction 262

9.2 Principle of Operation 262

9.3 Analysis 264

9.4 Design Example 282

9.5 Full-Bridge CLL Resonant Inverter 285

10 Class D Current-Source-Resonant Inverter 290

10.1 Introduction 290

10.2 Principle of Operation 291

10.3 Analysis of the Parallel-Resonant Circuit 295

10.4 Analysis of the Inverter 297

10.5 Design Example 307

11 Phase-Controlled Resonant Inverters 311

11.1 Introduction 311

11.2 Phase-Controlled Current-Source Inverters 312

11.3 Phase-Controlled Voltage-Source Inverters 316

11.4 Single-Capacitor Phase-Controlled Series-Resonant Inverter 320

11.5 Design Example 328

12 Class E Zero-Voltage-Switching Resonant Inverter 334

12.1 Introduction 334

12.2 Principle of Operation 335

12.3 Analysis 340

12.4 Parameters at D=0.5 349

12.5 Efficiency 351

12.6 Matching Resonant Circuits 354

12.7 Design Example 359

12.8 Push-Pull Class E ZVS Inverter 362

13 Class E Zero-Current-Switching Resonant Inverter 369

13.1 Introduction 369

13.2 Circuit Description 369

13.3 Principle of Operation 370

13.4 Analysis 373

13.5 Power Relationships 378

13.6 Element Values of Load Network 378

13.7 Design Example 379

14 Class DE Power Inverter 382

14.1 Introduction 382

14.2 Principle of Operation of Class DE Power Inverter 382

14.3 Analysis of Class DE Power Inverter 383

14.4 Components 393

14.5 Device Stresses 394

14.6 Design Equations 395

14.7 Maximum Operating Frequency 395

14.8 Class DE Inverter with Single Shunt Capacitor 397

14.9 Output Power 401

14.10 Cancellation of Nonlinearities of Transistor Output Capacitances 401

PART III CONVERTERS 405

15 Class D Series-Resonant Converter 407

15.1 Introduction 407

15.2 Half-Bridge Series-Resonant Converter 408

15.3 Full-Bridge Series-Resonant Converter 412

15.4 Design of Half-Bridge SRC 415

16 Class D Parallel-Resonant Converter 422

16.1 Introduction 422

16.2 Half-Bridge Parallel-Resonant Converter 422

16.3 Design of the Half-Bridge PRC 427

16.4 Full-Bridge Parallel-Resonant Converter 430

17 Class D Series-Parallel-Resonant Converter 435

17.1 Introduction 435

17.2 Circuit Description 436

17.3 Half-Bridge Series-Parallel-Resonant Converter 439

17.4 Design of Half-Bridge SPRC 440

17.5 Full-Bridge Series-Parallel-Resonant Converter 443

18 Class D CLL Resonant Converter 448

18.1 Introduction 448

18.2 Circuit Description 448

18.3 Half-Bridge CLL Resonant Converter 451

18.4 Design of Half-Bridge CLL Resonant Converter 453

18.5 Full-Bridge CLL Resonant Converter 455

18.6 LLC Resonant Converter 457

19 Class D Current-Source-Resonant Converter 459

19.1 Introduction 459

19.2 Circuit Description 459

19.3 Design of CSRC 461

20 Class D Inverter/Class E Rectifier Resonant Converter 466

20.1 Introduction 466

20.2 Circuit Description 466

20.3 Principle of Operation 468

20.4 Rectifier Parameters for D=0.5 469

20.5 Design of Class D Inverter/Class E Resonant Converter 471

20.6 Class E ZVS Inverter/Class D Rectifier Resonant DC-DC Converter 473

20.7 Class E ZVS Inverter/Class E ZVS Rectifier Resonant DC-DC Converter 474

21 Phase-Controlled Resonant Converters 477

21.1 Introduction 477

21.2 Circuit Description of SC PC SRC 477

21.3 Design Example 480

22 Quasiresonant and Multiresonant DC-DC Power Converters 485

22.1 Introduction 485

22.2 Zero-Voltage-Switching Quasiresonant DC-DC Converters 488

22.3 Buck ZVS Quasiresonant DC-DC Converter 492

22.4 Boost ZVS Quasiresonant DC-DC Converter 501

22.5 Buck-Boost ZVS Quasiresonant DC-DC Converter 509

22.6 Zero-Current-Switching Quasiresonant DC-DC Converters 518

22.7 Buck ZCS Quasiresonant DC-DC Converter 520

22.8 Boost ZCS Quasiresonant DC-DC Converter 529

22.9 Buck-Boost ZCS Quasiresonant DC-DC Converter 536

22.10 Zero-Voltage Switching Multiresonant DC-DC Converters 545

22.11 Zero-Current Switching Multiresonant DC-DC Converters 550

22.12 Zero-Voltage Transition PWM Converters 553

22.13 Zero-Current Transition Converters 556

23 Modeling and Control 565

23.1 Introduction 565

23.2 Modeling 566

23.3 Model Reduction and Control 572

23.4 Summary 574

23.5 References 574

23.6 Review Questions 576

23.7 Problems 576

APPENDICES 577

ANSWERS TO PROBLEMS 591

INDEX 597