The Systematic Identification of Flavonoids

I The Isolation, Purification and Preliminary Identification of Flavonoids.- I. The Two-Dimensional Paper Chromatographic Analysis of Flavonoids.- I-1. Reagents and Materials.- I-2. Experimental Procedures for the Two-Dimensional Paper Chromatographic Analysis of Flavonoid Mixtures.- I-3. The Determination of Rf Values for Flavonoids.- I-4. The Effects of Flavonoid Structural Variations on Rf. Values.- I-5. Relationships between Spot Color and Flavonoid Structure.- I-6. The Isolation and Purification of Flavonoids by Preparative Two-Dimensional Paper Chromatography.- I-7. The One-Dimensional Paper Chromatographic Purification of a Partially Purified Flavonoid.- II. The Separation of Flavonoids by Column and Thin Layer Chromatography.- II-1. Preliminary Purification of Flavonoids in a Crude Plant Extract Using Charcoal.- II-2. The Separation of Flavonoids by Polyamide and Silica Gel Column Chromatography.- II-3. The Separation of Flavonoids by Silica Gel and Polyamide Thin Layer Chromatography.- III. The Aglycone and Sugar Analysis of Flavonoid Glycosides.- III-1. Procedures for the Acidic and Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Flavonoid Glycosides.- III-2. The Gas and Paper Chromatographic Procedures for Identifying the Sugars Obtained by Hydrolysis of Flavonoid Glycosides.- III-3. The Identification of the Aglycone and Location of the Sugar in Flavonoid Glycosides.- III-4. The Identification of the Sugars in C-Glycosylflavonoids.- II The Structure Analysis of Flavonoids by Ultraviolet Spectroscopy.- IV. Reagents and Procedures for the Ultraviolet Spectral Analysis of Flavonoids.- IV-1. Preparation of Reagent Stock Solutions and Solids.- IV-2. Procedures for Determining the Ultraviolet Absorption Spectra of Flavonoids.- V. The Ultraviolet Spectra of Flavones and Flavonols.- V-1. The UV Spectra of Flavones and Flavonols in Methanol.- V-2. The UV Spectra of Flavones and Flavonols in the Presence of NaOMe.- V-3. The UV Spectra of Flavones and Flavonols in the Presence of NaOAc.- V-4. The Detection of Ortho-dihydroxyl Groups in Flavones and Flavonols by the Effect of NaOAc/H3BO3 on the UV Spectrum.- V-5. The UV Spectra of Flavones and Flavonols in the Presence of AlCl3 and AlCl3/HCl.- V-6. Index of Ultraviolet Absorption Spectra of Flavones and Flavonols.- VI. The Ultraviolet Spectra of Isoflavones, Flavanones, and Dihydroflavonols.- VI-1. The UV Spectra of Isoflavones, Flavanones and Dihydroflavonols in Methanol.- VI-2. The UV Spectra of Isoflavones, Flavanones and Dihydroflavonols in the Presence of NaOMe.- VI-3. The UV Spectra of Isoflavones, Flavanones and Dihydroflavonols in the Presence of NaOAc.- VI-4. The Detection of A-Ring Ortho-dihydroxyl Groups in Isoflavones, Flavanones and Dihydroflavonols by the Effect of NaOAc/H3BO3 on the UV Spectrum.- VI-5. The UV Spectra of Isoflavones, Flavanones and Dihydroflavonols in the Presence of AlCl3 and AICl3/HCl.- VI-6. Index of Ultraviolet Absorption Spectra of Isoflavones, Flavanones and Dihydroflavonols.- VII. The Ultraviolet Spectra of Chalcones and Aurones.- VII-1. The UV Spectra of Chalcones and Aurones in McOH.- VII-2. The UV Spectra of Chalcones and Aurones in the Presence of NaOMe.- VII-3. The UV Spectra of Chalcones and Aurones in the Presence of NaOAc.- VII-4. The Detection of Ortho-dihydroxyl Groups in Chalcones and Aurones by the Effect of NaOAc/H3BO3 on the UV Spectrum.- VII-5. The UV Spectra of Chalcones and Aurones in the Presence of AlCl3 and AlCl3/HCl.- VII-6. Index of Ultraviolet Absorption Spectra of Chalcones and Aurones.- III The Structure Analysis of Flavonoids by Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy.- VIII. The Determination and Interpretation of NMR Spectra of Flavonoids.- VIII-1. Introduction.- VIII-2. The Use of DMSO-d6 as Solvent for Flavonoid NMR Spectroscopy.- VIII-3. Preparation of Trimethylsilyl Ether Derivatives of Flavonoids.- VIII-4. Interpretation of the NMR Spectra of Fully and Partially Trimethylsilylated Flavonoids.- IX. The NMR Spectra of Flavonoids.- Subject-Index.