Prostaglandins

I. Introduction.- 1. Discovery of Prostaglandin.- 2. Pharmacological Properties.- 3. Prostaglandin and Reproduction.- 4. Isolation and Structure.- 5. Prostaglandin-like Substances.- 6. Nomenclature.- 7. Prostaglandin Literature.- References.- II. Extraction, Separation, Identification and Estimation.- 1. Solvent Extraction and Partition Procedure.- a) Tissues.- b) Blood.- 2. Chromatographic Separation.- a) Silicic Acid and Silica Gel Column Chromatography.- b) Sephadex LH-20 Columns.- c) Amberlyst 15 Resin.- d) Reversed Phase Systems.- e) Amberlite XAD-2.- f) Thin Layer Chromatography.- g) Gas-liquid Chromatography.- h) Radio Gas Chromatography.- 3. Identification and Estimation of Prostaglandins.- a) Simple Tests of Identification.- b) Parallel Biological Assay.- c) Enzymatic Determination.- d) Radio-immunoassay and Competitive Protein Binding.- e) Ultraviolet, Infra-red and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy.- f) Mass Spectrometry.- 4. Occurrence and Release of Prostaglandins.- References.- III. Synthesis.- References.- IV. Biosynthesis.- 1. Prostaglandin Synthetase.- 2. Formation of Products Other than PGE or PGF.- 3. Substrate Specificity.- 4. Inhibitors of Prostaglandin Synthetase.- 5. Origin of Substrate.- 6. Mechanism of Prostaglandin Formation.- 7. Large Scale Biosynthetic Production of Prostaglandins.- References.- V. Metabolism and Fate.- 1. Autoradiographic Studies in Mice.- 2. Distribution and Fate in the Rat.- 3. Urinary Metabolites in the Rat.- 4. Metabolism in the Guinea-pig.- 5. Removal of Prostaglandins from the Circulation.- 6. Prostaglandin Dehydrogenase.- 7. Prostaglandin Reductase.- 8. Beta-oxidation.- 9. Omega-oxidation.- 10. Prostaglandin Isomerase.- 11. Human Metabolism.- References.- VI. Female Reproductive Tract Smooth Muscle.- 1. Parturition.- 2. Abortion.- 3. Human Myometrial Strips in vitro.- 4. Human Fallopian Tubes.- 5. Uterus and Oviduct of Other Species.- References.- VII. Endocrine System.- 1. Adrenal Cortex.- 2. Adrenal Medulla.- 3. Corpus Luteum.- 4. Thyroid.- 5. Islets of Langerhans.- References.- VIII. Adipose Tissue.- 1. In vitro Experiments.- 2. In vivo Experiments.- 3. Human Adipose Tissue.- 4. Obesity.- References.- IX. The Nervous System.- 1. Central Nervous System.- a) Sedative Actions of PGE in the Unanaesthetised Chick.- b) Sedative-tranquillizer Actions of PGE1 in the Mouse.- c) Anticonvulsant Actions of PGE1.- d) Other Actions of PGE1 in the Mouse.- e) Actions of PGE in the Unanaesthetised Cat.- f) Actions of PGF2? on Unanaesthetised Animals.- g) Effect of PGF2? on the Spinal Cord.- h) Effect of PGE1 on Motor Pathways in the Brain and Spinal Cord.- i) Abolition of Tremor by PGE1.- j) Action of Prostaglandins on the Brain Stem.- k) Micro-iontophoretic Studies.- l) Conclusions.- 2. Peripheral Nervous System.- a) Sensory Endings.- b) Autonomic Ganglia and Neuro-muscular Junction.- c) Adrenergic Neurones.- References.- X. Cardiovascular System.- References.- XI. Urinary System.- 1. Water and Electrolyte Excretion.- 2. Natriuretic Hormone.- References.- XII. Blood Platelets.- 1. Aggregation in vitro.- 2. In vivo Experiments.- 3. Blood Coagulation.- References.- XIII. Gastro-intestinal Tract.- 1. Glandular Secretions in Animals and Man.- 2. Isolated Smooth Muscle Preparations.- 3. Gastro-intestinal Motility Studied in vivo.- References.- XIV. Respiratory Tract Smooth Muscle.- 1. Isolated Preparations.- 2. In vivo Experiments.- 3. Human Volunteers and Asthmatics.- References.- XV. Biological Significance of the Prostaglandins.- 1. Reproduction.- 2. Prostaglandins as Circulating Hormones.- 3. Interaction between Prostaglandins and Catecholamines.- 4. Prostaglandins and Adenyl Cyclase.- 5. Prostaglandins and Ions.- References.