High–Throughput Screening in Drug Discovery

Dr. Jorg Huser Director of HTS Technologies at the Healthcare Division of Bayer AG in Wuppertal (Germany).

Preface.List of Contributors.Part I: Concept of Screening.1 Chemical Genetics: Use of High-throughput Screening to Identify Small-molecule Modulators of Proteins Involved in Cellular Pathways with the Aim of Uncovering Protein Function (Sa L. Chiang).1.1 Introduction.1.2 Classical and Chemical Genetics.1.3 Identifying Bioactive Molecules.1.4 Target Identification.1.5 Discovery for Basic Research Versus Pharmacotherapy Goals.1.6 Chemical Genetic Screens in the Academic Setting.1.7 Conclusions.2 High-throughput Screening for Targeted Lead Discovery (Jorg Huser, Emanuel Lohrmann, Bernd Kalthof, Nils Burkhardt, Ulf Bruggemeier, and Martin Bechem).2.1 Chemical Libraries for High-throughput Screening.2.2 Properties of Lead Structures.2.3 Challenges to High-throughput Screening.2.4 Assay Technologies for High-throughput Screening.2.5 Laboratory Automation.2.6 From Target Selection to Confirmed Hits - the HTS Workflow and its Vocabulary.2.7 Separating Specific Modulators from Off-Target Effects.2.8 Data Analysis and Screening Results.2.9 Conclusions.Part II: Automation Technologies.3 Tools and Technologies that Facilitate Automated Screening (John Comley).3.1 Introduction - the Necessity to Automate.3.2 Sample Carriers.3.3 Liquid Handling Tools.3.4 Detection Technologies.3.5 Laboratory Robotics.Part III: Assay Technologies.4 Functional Cell-based Assays for Targeted Lead Discovery in High-throughput Screening (Jorg Huser, Bernd Kalthof, and Jochen Strayle).4.1 Introduction.4.2 Reporter Gene Technologies.4.3 Membrane Potential Indicators.4.4 Ca2+ Indicators.4.5 Conclusions.5 Biochemical Assays for High-throughput Screening (William D. Mallender, Michael Bembenek, Lawrence R. Dick, Michael Kuranda, Ping Li, Saurabh Menon, Eneida Pardo and Tom Parsons).5.1 General Considerations for Biochemical High-throughput Screening.5.2 Expression and Purification of Recombinant Enzymes.5.3 Peptidases.5.4 Oxidoreductases.5.5 Transferases, Synthetases and Lipid-modifying Enzymes.5.6 Kinases.5.7 Pitfalls and Reasons for Assay Development Failures.6 Image-based High-content Screening - A View from Basic Sciences (Peter Lipp and Lars Kaestner).6.1 Introduction.6.2 HCS Systems Employing Confocal Optical Technologies.6.3 Single-point Scanning Technology.6.4 Line Scanning Technology.6.5 Multi-beam Technology.6.6 Structured Illumination.6.7 Summary and Perspectives.Part IV: Data Analysis.7 Methods for Statistical Analysis, Quality Assurance and Management of Primary High-throughput Screening Data (Hanspeter Gubler).7.1 Introduction.7.2 Statistical Considerations in Assay Development.7.3 Data Acquisition, Data Preprocessing, and HTS Data Analysis Environment.7.4 Data Normalization.7.5 Robust Statistics in HTS Data Analysis.7.6 Measures of HTS Data Quality, Signaling of Possible QC Problems, Visualizations.7.7 Correction of Position-dependent Response Effects.7.8 Hit Identification and Hit Scoring.7.9 Conclusion.8 Chemoinformatic Tools for High-throughput Screening Data Analysis (Peter G. Nell and Stefan M. Mundt).8.1 Introduction.8.2 Workflow of High-throughput Screening and Use of Chemoinformatics.8.3 Chemoinformatic Methods Used in HTS Workflow.8.4 Chemoinformatic Methods in the Design of a Screening Library.8.5 Integrated Software Packages.8.6 Conclusions.9 Combinatorial Chemistry and High-throughput Screening (Roger A. Smith and Nils Griebenow).9.1 Introduction.9.2 Categories of Compound Libraries for High-throughput Screening.9.3 Synthesis Techniques and Library Formats.9.4 Library Design and Profiling Approaches.9.5 Impact of Combinatorial Libraries on Drug Discovery.9.6 Conclusion.10 High-throughput Screening and Data Analysis (Jeremy S. Caldwell and Jeff Janes).10.1 Introduction.10.2 Analysis of Cellular Screening Data.10.3 Massively Parallel Cellular Screens.10.4 Systematic Serendipity.10.5 Conclusion.Appendix.Index.