Environmental Biotechnology – Concepts and Applications

Hans Joachim Jordening gained his chemistry degree in 1984, his doctorate three years later and his lecturing qualification in 2000. He has been at the TU Brunswick since 1987, heading the Department of Microbiology and Wastewater Technology from 1992 to 1997. His research interests include biological methods of wastewater purification, the enzymatic modification of saccharides, and modeling biocatalytic processes. Josef Winter earned his doctorate in 1974, and was a post doc at MIT before gaining his lecturing qualification in 1980. He has been Professor of Waste Water Management and head of the Institute of Biology for Biological Engineering and Biotechnology of Wastewater Treatment at the TU Karlsruhe since 1993. His research includes physiology of aerobic and anaerobic degradation, wastewater and waste treatment processes, and soil remediation.

Preface. List of Contributors. 1 Bacterial Metabolism in Wastewater Treatment Systems (Claudia Gallert and Josef Winter). 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 Decomposition of Organic Carbon Compounds in Natural and Manmade Ecosystems. 1.3 Nitrogen Removal During Wastewater Treatment. 1.4 Enhanced Biological Phosphate Removal. 1.5 Biological Removal, Biotransformation, and Biosorption of Metal Ions from Contaminated Wastewater. 1.6 Aerobic and Anaerobic Degradation of Xenobiotics. 1.7 Bioaugmentation in Wastewater Treatment Plants for Degradation of Xenobiotics. References. 2 Industrial Wastewater Sources and Treatment Strategies (Karl Heinz Rosenwinkel, Ute Austermann Haun, and Hartmut Meyer). 2.1 Introduction and Targets. 2.2 Wastewater Flow Fractions from Industrial Plants. 2.3 Kinds and Impacts of Wastewater Components. 2.4 General Processes in Industrial Wastewater Treatment Concepts. 2.5 Wastewater Composition and Treatment Strategies in the Food Processing Industry. References. 3 Activated Sludge Process (Rolf Kayser). 3.1 Process description and historical development. 3.2 Technological and microbiological aspects. 3.3 Plant Configurations. 3.4 Design procedure. References. 4 Modeling of Aerobic Wastewater Treatment Processes (Mogens Henze). 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Purpose of Modeling. 4.3 Elements of Activated Sludge Models. 4.4 Presentation of Models. 4.5 The Activated Sludge Models Nos. 1, 2 and 3 (ASM1, ASM2, ASM3). 4.6 Wastewater Characterization. 4.7 Model Calibration. 4.8 Computer Programs. 4.9 Use of Models. References. 5 High rate Anaerobic Wastewater Treatment (Hans Joachim Jordening and Klaus Buchholz). 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Basic Principles. 5.3 Reactor Design Parameters. 5.4 Reactor Operation. 5.5 Conclusions. References. 6 Modeling of Biogas Reactors (Herbert Markl). 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Measuring Techniques. 6.3 Kinetics. 6.4 Hydrodynamic and Liquid Mixing Behavior of the Biogas Tower Reactor. 6.5 Mass Transport from the Liquid Phase to the Gas Phase. 6.6 Influence of Hydrostatic Pressure on Biogas Production. 6.7 Outlook. References. 7 Aerobic Degradation of Recalcitrant Organic Compounds by Microorganisms (Wolfgang Fritsche and Martin Hofrichter). 7.1 Introduction: Characteristics of Aerobic Microorganisms Capable of Degrading Organic Pollutants. 7.2 Principles of Bacterial Degradation. 7.3 Degradative Capacities of Fungi. 7.4 Conclusions. References. 8 Principles of Anaerobic Degradation of Organic Compounds (Bernhard Schink). 8.1 General Aspects of Anaerobic Degradation Processes. 8.2 Key Reactions in Anaerobic Degradation of Certain Organic Compounds. 8.3 Concluding Remarks. References. 9 Soil Remediation and Disposal (Michael Koning, Karsten Hupe, and Rainer Stegmann). 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 Thermal Processes. 9.3 Chemical/Physical Processes. 9.4 Biological Processes. 9.5 Disposal. 9.6 Utilization of Decontaminated Soil. 9.7 Conclusions. References. 10 Bioremediation by the Heap Technique (Volker Schulz Berendt). 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 Principles of the Heap Technique. 10.3 Different Heap Techniques. 10.4 Efficiency and Economy. References. 11 Bioreactors (Rene H. Kleijntjens and Karel Ch. A. M. Luyben). 11.1 Introduction. 11.2 Bioreactors. 11.3 Slurry Bioreactors. 11.4 Solid State Bioreactors. 11.5 Comparison of Bioreactors. 11.6 Conclusions and Outlook. References. 12 In situ Remediation (T. Held and H. Dorr). 12.1 Introduction. 12.2 Investigations. 12.3 Remediation Technologies. 12.4 Monitoring. 12.5 Outlook. References. 13 Composting of Organic Waste (Frank Schuchardt). 13.1 Introduction. 13.2 Waste Materials for Composting. 13.3 Fundamentals of Composting Process. 13.4 Composting Technologies. 13.5 Composting Systems. 13.6 Compost Quality. References. 14 Anaerobic Fermentation of Wet and Semidry Garbage Waste Fractions (Norbert Rilling). 14.1 Introduction. 14.2 Basic Aspects of Biological Waste Treatment. 14.3 Processes of Anaerobic Waste Treatment. 14.4 Conclusions. References. 15 Landfill Systems, Sanitary Landfilling of Solid Wastes, and Long term Problems with Leachate (Kai Uwe Heyer and Rainer Stegmann). 15.1 Introduction. 15.2 Biochemical Processes in Sanitary Landfills. 15.3 Sanitary Landfilling and Leachate Control Strategies. 15.4 Long term Problems with Leachate. 15.5 Controlled Reduction of Leachate Emissions. References. 16 Sanitary Landfills: Long term Stability and Environmental Implications (Michael S. Switzenbaum). 16.1 Introduction. 16.2 Integrated Waste Management. 16.3 Land Disposal. 16.4 Leachate and Gas Management. 16.5 Summary and Conclusions. References. 17 Process Engineering of Biological Waste Gas Purification (Muthumbi Waweru, Veerle Herrygers, Herman Van Langenhove, and Willy Verstraete). 17.1 Introduction. 17.2 Biological Waste Gas Purification Technology. 17.3 Performance Parameters. 17.4 Characteristics of the Waste Gas Stream. 17.5 Process Principles. 17.6 Reactor Performance. 17.7 Reactor Control. 17.8 Perspectives. Acknowledgments. References. 18 Commercial Applications of Biological Waste Gas Purification (Derek E. Chitwood and Joseph S. Devinny). 18.1 Background. 18.2 Applications. References. 19 Perspectives of Wastewater, Waste, Off gas and Soil Treatment (Claudia Gallert and Josef Winter). 19.1 Introduction. 19.2 Wastewater Handling. 19.3 Solid Waste Handling. 19.4 Off gas Purification. 19.5 Soil Remediation. 19.6 Drinking Water Preparation. 19.7 Future Strategies to Reduce Pollution and Conserve a Natural, Healthy Environment. Subject Index.