The Effects of Ultrasound on the Kinetics of Crystallization

I. Methods and Apparatus for Studying Crystallization and Dissolution in Ultrasonic Fields.- 1. General.- 2. Choice of Material for Observing Crystallization.- 3. Ultrasonic Waveguides and Radiators.- II. A Brief Review of Work on the Interaction of Ultrasonic Energy with Recrystallizing or Dissolving Material.- 1. Crystallization of Various Materials in an Ultrasonic Field.- 2. Effects of Ultrasonic Energy on Solids.- III. Crystallization Processes of Organic Compounds.- 1. Thin Films.- 2. Crystallization in Bulk Material.- 3. Structure of Castings. Mechanical Properties.- 4. Effects of Ultrasonic Frequency on Crystallization.- 5. Effects of Ultrasonics on Columnar Crystallization.- 6. Crystallization of Mixtures of Eutectic Type.- 7. Production of Zoned Structures.- 8. Effects of Vibration of the Walls of the Vessel.- IV. Effects of Various Agents on Nucleation in an Ultrasonic Field.- 1. Nucleation in Purified Materials.- 2. Nucleation at Impurities.- 3. Nucleation in Amorphous Materials.- V. Growth and Dissolution of Monocrystals.- 1. Effects of High-Frequency Ultrasound on Crystallization and Dissolution.- 2. Effects of Low-Frequency Ultrasound on the Growth of Monocrystals of Potash Alum.- 3. Avalanche Crystallization of Potash Alum from Solution as Influenced by Ultrasound.- 4. Properties of Metal Monocrystals Grown in an Ultrasonic Field.- 5. Dissolution of Crystals in an Ultrasonic Field.- 6. Production of Etch Figures in the Presence of Ultrasound.- 7. Detection of Dislocations in Crystals with Ultrasonics.- 8. Effects of Ultrasound on Liquid Crystals.- Literature Cited.