Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry

1 Quantum Chemical Treatment of Adsorbed Species.- I. Introduction.- 1. Relation of Adsorbed Species to Electrode Reactions.- 2. Theory of Electron Transfer.- 3. Quantum Effects on Electrodes.- II. Surface States of Crystals.- 1. Band Structure of Crystals.- 2. Surface States of Finite Crystals.- III. Adsorbed Species.- 1. Extension of Crystal L CAO Calculations to Adsorbed Species.- 2. Less Approximate Formalisms.- 3. Surface Compound Approximation.- 4. Perturbation Approaches.- References.- 2 Oscillatory Behavior in Electrochemical Systems.- I. Introduction.- II. Experimental Basis of Electrochemical Oscillations and Their Qualitative Interpretation.- 1. Anodic Processes Involving Metals.- 2. Anodic Oxidation of Nonmetallic Compounds.- 3. Oscillations in Cathodic Processes.- 4. Periodic Behavior in Nonaqueous Solutions.- 5. Electroosmotic Oscillations.- III. Models of Electrochemical Oscillators.- 1. Mathematical Fundamentals.- 2. Kinetic or "Chemical" Models.- 3. "Electrical" Models.- IV. Concluding Remarks.- References.- 3 Methods and Mechanisms in Electroorganic Chemistry.- I. Introduction.- 1. Synthetic Applications of Electroorganic Chemistry..- 2. Mechanistic Applications of Electroorganic Chemistry.- 3. Mass Transport Considerations.- II. Methods of Investigating Organic Electrode Processes.- 1. Electrochemical Methods.- 2. Nonelectrochemical Methods.- III. Intermediates in Electroorganic Chemistry.- 1. Anion Radicals and Anions.- 2. Cation Radicals and Cations.- 3. Adsorption and Organic Electrode Processes.- IV. Types of Reaction.- 1. Substitution Reactions.- 2. Addition Reactions.- 3. Elimination Reactions.- 4. Cyclization Reactions.- 5. Ring Opening, Expansion or Contraction.- V. Stereospecificity in Electrode Processes.- 1. Substitution Reactions.- 2. Addition Reactions.- 3. Elimination Reactions.- 4. Cyclization.- 5. Ring Opening.- VI. Applications for Commercial Synthesis.- References.- 4 Electrochemical Processes at Biological Interfaces.- I. Biological Oxidations.- II. Are the Elements for Electrochemical Reactions Present in Biological Cells?.- 1. Electronic Conduction in Biological Materials.- 2. Electronic Conduction in Thin Lipid Films.- 3. Concluding Remarks.- III. Electrochemical Models of Biological Energy Conversion.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Brief Historical Survey.- 3. The Chemiosmotic Hypothesis.- 4. Electrodic Phosphorylation.- 5. Summary.- IV. Electrochemical Reactions As Biological Regulators.- References.- 5 The Role of Electrochemistry in Environmental Control.- I. Introduction.- Basic Problems in the Use of Electrochemical Methods.- II. Survey of Individual Applications.- 1. Cathodic Processes.- 2. Anodic Processes.- 3. Other Applications of Anodic Oxidation.- 4. The Treatment of Gaseous Effluents.- 5. Electroflotation.- 6. The Role of Electrochemistry in Corrosion Protection.- Conclusions.- 1. Factors Influencing the Rate of Electrochemical Effluent Processes.- 2. Conditions of Mass Transport Control.- 3. Mass Transport under Diffusion Control.- 4. Mass Transport under Convective Control.- 5. Natural Convection.- 6. Conclusion.- References.