Implicit Measures of Attitudes

Bernd Wittenbrink, PhD, is Professor of Behavioral Science in the Graduate School of Business and a member of the Center for Decision Research at the University of Chicago. His research concerns the role that stereotypes and group attitudes play in social judgment and behavior. Dr. Wittenbrink’s work has been published in, among others, the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, the Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, and the Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. He serves as Associate Editor for the premier journal in the field, the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. Norbert Schwarz, DrPhil, is Professor of Psychology, Research Professor in the Survey Research Center and the Research Center for Group Dynamics at the Institute for Social Research, and Professor of Marketing in the Ross School of Business at the University of Michigan. His research interests focus on human judgment and cognition. Dr. Schwarz is a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the Association for Psychological Science, and the Society for Personality and Social Psychology. His publications include 20 books and more than 200 journal articles and chapters.

1. Introduction, Bernd Wittenbrink and Norbert Schwarz
I. Procedures and Their Implementation
2. Measuring Attitudes through Priming, Bernd Wittenbrink
3. Understanding and Using the Implicit Association Test: IV: What We Know (So Far) about the Method, Kristin A. Lane, Mahzarin R. Banaji, Brian A. Nosek, and Anthony G. Greenwald
4. Armed Only with Paper and Pencil: Low-Tech Measures of Implicit Attitudes, Patrick T. Vargas, Denise Sekaquaptewa, and William von Hippel
5. Attitudes as Mental and Neural States of Readiness: Using Physiological Measures to Study Implicit Attitudes, Tiffany A. Ito and John T. Cacioppo
6. Understanding Social Evaluations: What We Can (and Cannot) Learn from Neuroimaging, Andreas Olsson and Elizabeth A. Phelps
II. Critical Perspectives
7. How to Define and Examine the Implicitness of Implicit Measures, Jan De Houwer and Agnes Moors
8. Paradigms We Live By: A Plea for More Basic Research on the Implicit Association Test, Dirk Wentura and Klaus Rothermund
9. Beyond the Attitude Object: Implicit Attitudes Spring from Object-Centered Contexts, Melissa J. Ferguson and John A. Bargh
10. Mental Representations Are States, Not Things: Implications for Implicit and Explicit Measurement, Eliot R. Smith and Frederica R. Conrey
11. What Do We Know about Implicit Attitude Measures and What Do We Have to Learn?, Bertram Gawronski and Galen V. Bodenhausen